Conclusions: This study showed that staying overnight in farming

Conclusions: This study showed that staying overnight in farming huts was not associated with an increased risk of malaria infection in the setting where ITNs were widely used in farming huts. It suggests that malaria infection during overnight stays in farming huts might be preventable if ITNs are properly used in rural Laos.”
“To investigate the differences in steroid receptor expression patterns between glandular and stromal portions in endometrial polyps among premenopausal and

postmenopausal patients and the relationship between the receptor expression in endometrial polyps and clinical parameters.

A total of 25 postmenopausal and 25 premenopausal patients with solitary endometrial polyp detected by office hysteroscopy were involved in the study. All patients underwent hysteroscopic PARP signaling polypectomy under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Estrogen and progesterone expression patterns were investigated Acalabrutinib cost in the polyps using immunohistochemistry. The mean age was 57.6 years in postmenopausal patients and 36.9 in premenopausal patients. Average gravida, body mass index (BMI), and frequency of smokers did not differ between groups. However, the patient’s age and their concomitant diseases were significantly

different between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients (P = 0.01).

Comparison in postmenopausal patients showed that glandular estrogen and progesterone receptor expression were both significantly greater than stromal estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.037 and < 0.001, respectively). Proliferative phase endometrial Batimastat solubility dmso polyps also demonstrated significantly greater expression of progesterone receptors in glandular epithelium compared with stroma (P = 0.019). However, stromal and glandular estrogen receptor expression did not differ among premenopausal patients. There was a statistically significant correlation among stromal progesterone receptor expression, plasma estrogen and FSH level (P = 0.01). A negative correlation was found between stromal progesterone receptor expression and patient’s age (P = 0. 01).

Estrogen

and progesterone receptor expression were lower in the stromal portion of the endometrial polyp than in the glandular portion in postmenopausal patients. Stromal progesterone receptor expression was lower in older patients and there was a relation between low estrogen hormone levels and lower stromal progesterone receptor expression.”
“The use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer has generated increasing interest in recent years as more antibodies become available and demonstrate clinical utility. This article reviews the available evidence for the use of three monoclonal antibodies: one – ipilimumab – pending approval in Australia, and two – panitumubab and cetuximab – that has been recently approved.


“A deeper knowledge on the complex microbial ecology of ma


“A deeper knowledge on the complex microbial ecology of malolactic fermentation (MLF) in spontaneous cider production is essential to understand the cider making process thus applicable to develop adequate malolactic starters Trends in food fermentation focussed on the isolation of proper wild-type strains from traditional products to be used as starter

cultures with the aim of conducting industrial production processes without losing their unique flavour and product characteristics A mixed inoculum consisted of samples taken from the four main areas of the most traditional cider making region in Spain was used to carry out MLF under controlled laboratory conditions A culture-based approach was used to investigate the selleck products diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by molecular tools By monitoring MLF population dynamics involved in the fermentation process were assessed Interactions of different microorganisms CB-5083 mouse adapted to a common environment competition and resistance during the process give rise to dominant species showing selective advantages The main aim of this work was the identification of dominant species during the process in order to obtain potential starter cultures with a clear industrial utility The fermentative capacity of a representative strain belonging to each isolated species after analysis of interspecific polymorphisms in 16S rRNA sequencing of 84 isolates was compared

Molecular characterization

for the presence of gene coding for exopolysaccharide production (dps gene amplification) Selleck CP 690550 acrolein production (pdu gene amplification) and biogenic amine production (tyrdc hdc and odc genes amplification) was carried out to verify the suitability of the selected strains (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved”
“Background: Short sleep duration is correlated with an increased risk of developing obesity and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown.

Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis that acute sleep loss decreases physical activity while increasing food intake, thereby shifting 2 crucial behavioral components of energy homeostasis toward weight gain.

Design: In 15 healthy, normal-weight men, spontaneous physical activity was registered by accelerometry during the entire experiment, and food intake as well as relevant hormones were assessed during a 15-h daytime period after 2 nights of regular sleep (bed time: 2245-0700) and after 2 nights of restricted sleep (bed time: 0245-0700). Experiments were performed in a crossover design.

Results: Sleep restriction significantly decreased physical activity during the daytime spent under free-living conditions after the first night of sleep manipulation (P = 0.008). Also, intensities of physical activity were shifted toward lower levels, with less time spent with intense activities (P = 0.046).

We performed a molecular pathology study in 22 tissue samples and

We performed a molecular pathology study in 22 tissue samples and 1 blood sample of different cutaneous lymphomas from 19 patients (17 mature T-cell neoplasms, 5 mature B-cell neoplasms, and 1 immature hematopoietic malignancy), 13 PLs from 12 patients, and 25 various inflammatory skin diseases from 23 patients. All tumors were analyzed for the presence of MCPyV DNA by polymerase chain reaction, confirmed by Southern blot hybridization of

polymerase chain reaction products. We detected MCPyV DNA in 4 of 23 (17.4%) cutaneous lymphoma tissue samples (3 of 17 mature T-cell neoplasms and 1 of 5 mature B-cell neoplasms), in 2 of 13 (15.4%) PL tissue samples, and 2 of 25 (8%) inflammatory skin conditions (1 drug reaction and 1 erythema multiforme). We conclude that MCPyV DNA is infrequently, but consistently present MCC950 manufacturer in lesional tissue from patients with primary cutaneous lymphomas, PLs, and inflammatory skin diseases; prevalence is in the range of 8%-17%. Our results suggest that MCPyV does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders.”
“The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) in a cohort of 358 patients

undergoing transapical selleck compound aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a balloon-expandable prosthesis between April 2008 and March 2011. After excluding patients who had had a previous PPMI (n=36; 10%), the study group consisted of 322 patients. These were divided into two groups: patients who required PPMI (PPM group) and patients who did not require it (non-PPM group). Preoperative, perioperative and one-year follow-up data were collected prospectively. Twenty (6.2%) patients required PPMI. Previous implantation of an aortic prosthesis (P=non-significant), previous coronary artery bypass grafting (P=0.05) and coronary artery disease (P<0.005) were more common in the non-PPM group. On

logistic regression, only patient age seemed to be correlated to PPMI (P=0.05, odds ratio 1.08; CI 0.9-1.1). There was no difference in survival rate between the groups after 30 days (PPM group 95%, non-PPM group 93.6%). Similarly, the survival rate did not differ after one year (PPM group 84%, non-PPM group 80.9%; P=0.3). The PPMI rate after transapical TAVI selleck using a balloon-expandable prosthesis is thus low, and has no impact on early and follow-up mortality. (c) 2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.”
“Follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin and cytochrome P450 aromatase play crucial roles in the regulation of mammalian reproduction. The synergistic effect of FSHR 307(T/A)/FSHR 680(N/S), SHBG(TAAAA) (n) and CYP19(TTTA) (n) genotypes on ovarian response to standard gonadotrophin stimulation of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction (IVF/ICSI) was explored.

3-q34 2 (#6008), 13q31 1-q31 2(#6007), 11p15(#6008), 17q25 3(#600

3-q34.2 (#6008), 13q31.1-q31.2(#6007), 11p15(#6008), 17q25.3(#6007) and 19q13.31-q13.33 (#6008). Five regions (1p36.1-p35.2, 2p13.2-p11.2, 17q25.3, 18q22 and 22q12.3) demonstrated at least nominal linkage in both isolates’ pedigrees, while all other linkage regions demonstrated population-specific genetic heterogeneity.”
“Over PD173074 clinical trial recent years, genome-wide association studies have contributed to our understanding of genetic susceptibility to sporadic cancer. In this study, we assessed the association between upper gastrointestinal cancer risk and four genome-wide association studies-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), implicated earlier in prostate and colorectal cancer susceptibility. Genotyping for each SNP

was performed in two independent Caucasian population-based

case-control studies. The first study comprised 290 gastric cancer cases and 374 controls. The second study included 185 noncardia gastric cancers, 123 cardia cancers, 158 oesophageal cancers and 209 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed from logistic models and adjusted for potential confounding variables. An inverse association was observed between the SNP rs1447295, located at 8q24, and gastric cancer risk in the first study population (OR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.97). Selleck Stem Cell Compound Library A positive association was observed for the same SNP and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the second study population (OR = 7.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-49.98). check details No significant associations were detected in either study for the three remaining SNPs (rs6983297, rs10505477 and rs719725). Our data represent novel findings on heritable susceptibility to gastric and oesophageal cancer and warrant validation in additional populations. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 20: 54-57 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“We present the case of a 20-year-old man referred to the clinical geneticist because of mental retardation and dysmorphic features because of concerns about hereditability when his older, healthy brother was expecting a child.

Deletion of proximal 3q arm was found with standard G-banding, and array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) was used to further locate the breakpoints. A unique interstitial deletion del 3q13.11q13.33 was confirmed. The first clinical symptoms in the 20-year-old were described at the age of 4 months when the pediatrician reported muscle hypertonia of the lower limbs, which later evolved into hypotonia. Later clinical observations revealed that the patient’s psychomotor development was delayed: he exhibited craniofacial abnormalities, cryptorchidism, thoracic kyphosis, and tapering fingers. Interstitial deletions of the proximal long arm of chromosome 3 have rarely been reported:; there are only 12 previously reported cases. The breakpoints and sizes of described deletions vary greatly, which makes definite genotype-phenotype conclusions impossible at this time.

7%), benzo[b]fluoranthene (15 0%) and benz[a]anthracene (9 0%) wh

7%), benzo[b]fluoranthene (15.0%) and benz[a]anthracene (9.0%) whereas the lowest concentrations were those of dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 5 methylchrysene and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (below 2.0%). By food groups, the current highest levels of total PAH were detected in mollusks and crustaceans, followed by the different oil

based products. To estimate French population’s exposure, contamination data were combined with national individual food consumption data. Mean daily exposure to the sum of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene PI3K Inhibitor Library in vivo and benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH4) was estimated to be 1.48 ng/kg bw/day in adults and 226 ng/kg bw/day in children. The main contributors to PAH exposure for adults are fats, bread and dried bread products followed by crustaceans and mollusks. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach indicates that exposure to PAHs through food is not a major health problem for French consumers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The deep level spectrum of p-type GaN was investigated using time-resolved photocurrent spectroscopy. The spectral dependence of the optical cross section for hole photoemission from a deep level was determined from the initial value of the photocurrent transient. Unlike other implementations of photocurrent, the present

method selleck compound does not require multiple excitation sources or determination of the optical emission rate. A deep level was observed at E(v)+1.84 eV, where E(v) is the valence band HDAC 抑制剂 maximum, with a Franck-Condon shift of 0.25 eV. A bias-dependent component of the photocurrent, possibly due to metal-semiconductor interface states, complicated the steady-state response but did not affect the measured spectrum for the E(v)+1.84 eV deep level. This photocurrent method is expected to be readily extended to materials with very deep dopants, such as p-type AlGaN, for which many other deep level spectroscopy techniques are unsuited.”
“”"Guidelines for safe and effective management and

use of point of care testing”" have been recently launched in Ireland.

To survey point of care testing (POCT) services in the Republic of Ireland.

A questionnaire covering accreditation status, existence of POCT committees, quality management systems, and staff resources was distributed by the Irish External Quality Assessment Scheme (IEQAS).

Of those that returned completed questionnaires, 56% had assigned specific POCT responsibilities to designated staff. Most support was for blood gases and glucose analysis. Compared with other published studies, Irish laboratories gave similar support for blood gases, less for glucose and much less for urinalysis.

This survey demonstrated poor IT support for POCT. The majority of the respondents (78%) were dissatisfied with the quality of the POCT service in their institution.”
“Previous studies revealed that food, particularly fish products, is the major source for human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP5).

We also report focal LAT in cardiac sarcoidosis patients and in t

We also report focal LAT in cardiac sarcoidosis patients and in the donor heart of an orthotopic heart transplant recipient. Radiofrequency ablation is a successful treatment for focal LAT not associated with prior ablation, including those refractory to medical therapy. (PACE 2012; 35: 17-27)”
“Background: Quantitative data are lacking on published malaria research. The purpose of the study is to characterize trends in malaria-related literature from 1990 to

2009 in 11 Asian-Pacific countries that are committed to malaria elimination as a national goal.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted for articles published from January 1990 to December 2009 in PubMed/MEDLINE using terms for malaria and 11 target countries (Bhutan, AZD8186 nmr China, North Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Quisinostat inhibitor Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vanuatu). The references were collated and categorized according to subject, Plasmodium species, and whether they contained original or derivative data.

Results: 2,700 articles

published between 1990 and 2009 related to malaria in the target countries. The annual output of malaria-related papers increased linearly whereas the overall biomedical output from these countries grew exponentially. The percentage of malaria-related publications was nearly 3% (111/3741) of all biomedical publications in 1992 and decreased to less than 1% (118/12171; p < 0.001) in 2009. Thailand had the highest absolute output of malaria-related papers (n = 1211), followed by China (n = 609) and Indonesia (n = 346). Solomon Islands and Vanuatu had lower absolute numbers of publications, but both countries had the highest number of publications per capita (1.3 and 2.5 papers/1,000 population). The largest percentage of papers concerned the epidemiology and control of malaria (53%) followed by studies of drugs and drug resistance (47%). There was an increase in the proportion of articles relating to epidemiology, entomology, biology, molecular biology, pathophysiology and diagnostics from

the first to the second decade, whereas the percentage of papers on drugs, clinical aspects selleck chemicals of malaria, immunology, and social sciences decreased.

Conclusions: The proportion of malaria-related publications out of the overall biomedical output from the 11 target Asian-Pacific countries is decreasing. The discovery and evaluation of new, safe and effective drugs and vaccines is paramount. In addition the elimination of malaria will require operational research to implement and scale up interventions.”
“We are now reaching the stage at which specific genetic factors with known physiological effects can be tied directly and quantitatively to variation in phenology. With such a mechanistic understanding, scientists can better predict phenological responses to novel seasonal climates.

We set out to analyze the incidence of OASIS and its association

We set out to analyze the incidence of OASIS and its association with

mode of delivery in two large obstetric hospitals across an 8-year study period.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at two large tertiary referral centers serving a single urban population, from 2003 to 2010. Incidence of OASIS was examined as well as the influence of parity and mode of delivery on the occurrence of OASIS.

Results: During the study period, there were 100 307 vaginal deliveries at the two hospitals. There was a total of 2121 cases of OASIS from 2003 to 2010, giving an incidence of 2.1% of vaginal deliveries. Patients were more likely to suffer an OASIS when having a forceps delivery than when having a normal vaginal delivery (8.6% versus KPT-8602 manufacturer 1.3%,

p < 0.0001, OR: 7.1, CI: 6.4-7.9). Vacuum delivery also carried an increased risk of sphincter injury compared with normal delivery (3.7% versus 1.3%, p<0.0001, OR: 2.9, CI: 2-2.6). About 16.7% of infants delivered were macrosomic (birthweight > 4 kg). The rate of episiotomy during the study was 19.1%.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that OASIS remains an important cause of maternal morbidity in contemporary obstetric practice. These results will likely be of value in risk AZD5153 management planning and patient debriefing in what is a highly litigious area of obstetrics.”
“White adrenal and kidney urological surgery has been performed in animal models mainly by transvesical accesses, to date, NOTES JQ1 in vitro in humans remains in an investigational and developmental phase. Despite great experimental interest, no specific devices are currently available for urological indications in humans and therefore several instruments, taken from different specialist fields, have been used to access through the different natural orifices (including transgastric, transcolonic, transvaginal. and transvesical approaches). Furthermore, the accumulating experience with the transvesical approach to the peritoneum suggests it presents new challenges for urologists in terms of technical demands. For these reasons, given their competition with the success of laparoscopy

and minimally invasive techniques, NOTES applications in urology risk being underevaluated. In our opinion, after the initial enthusiastic phase, NOTES wilt cover only specific indications for urological conditions. The transvesical approach to the peritoneum however seems to be one of the best approaches for NOTES overall and certainty the most promising for urologists. (C) 2008 Etsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis programs in DOTS-Plus pilot sites in five countries.

OBJECTIVES: To calculate sputum conversion time and its relationship to treatment outcome, document the frequency of culture reversions and examine concordance of smear and culture to assess the potential consequences of monitoring by smear microscopy alone.


“Background: Hemoptysis is a common presenting symptom and


“Background: Hemoptysis is a common presenting symptom and cause of hospitalization in the department of respiratory diseases. In a number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with this symptom, investigations fail

to reveal a precise etiology. Little data are available regarding characteristics and outcome of COPD patients presenting with cryptogenic hemoptysis (CH). Objectives: Our study goal was to assess the functional characteristics of these subjects, AZD6094 supplier the risk factors for CH and the severity of hemoptysis, as well as long-term outcome. Methods: For more than 1 year, we enrolled and followed a group of 39 consecutive COPD patients admitted to our center with CH. Results: Between 1988 and 2003,

39 patients with COPD were admitted for CH in which investigation failed to reveal an etiology. The mean age was 51.3 years. All subjects were active smokers. Twenty-one patients (54%) had at least 1 risk factor for prolonged bleeding. Patients with more severe airflow obstruction tended to have more severe bleeding. Bronchoscopy appeared as useful as a computed tomography in locating the bleeding site. Arterial embolization succeeded in controlling bleeding in all patients who underwent angiography. One patient experienced a relapse in bleeding at 2 months. One developed lung cancer after 1 year. Thirty-four patients were followed for an average of 5 years. Only 2 subjects experienced recurrent hemoptysis. None died. LY294002 clinical trial Conclusions: CH in patients with COPD is associated with a favorable short-and long-term outcome when managed with timely angiographic embolization. Long-term selleck inhibitor incidence of lung cancer was uncommon

after an episode of CH, and recurrences of hemoptysis were rare. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on middle ear function before, after, 3 months and one year from expansion procedure.

Patients and methods: Eighteen patients with mean age of 8.1 years (+/- 3.7) and posterior cross-bite were followed from pre expansion to one year after RME, regarding their hearing quality and middle ear function. Nine of them presented middle ear dysfunction (MED) and nine presented normal function (NF) before rapid maxillary expansion. Audiometric and tympanometric exams were taken before rapid maxillary expansion, after RME (15 days), 3 months and one year after rapid maxillary expansion.

Results: Among those in the MED group, no patient had acoustic reflex (AR) before rapid maxillary expansion; 67% presented type C tympanometric curve, 22% had type A and 11% had As type tympanometric curve. One year after rapid maxillary expansion, all patients presented AR and showed type A tympanometric curves. In NF group, all patients showed AR and type A tympanometric curves in all records.

In the bulk devices, the applied voltage causes a broadening and

In the bulk devices, the applied voltage causes a broadening and quenching of the excitonic absorption, leading to enhanced transmission. In the quantum-well devices, the external field partially cancels the built-in polarization-induced electric fields in the well layers, thereby increasing the absorption. Unlike optical modulators based on smaller-bandgap zinc blende semiconductors, the bulk devices here are shown to provide similar performance levels as the quantum well devices, which is mainly a consequence

of the uniquely large exciton binding energies of nitride semiconductors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3567921]“
“In this study, a series of linear- and long-chain branched polylactic acid (PLA) samples was prepared by electron beam irradiation without or with addition of a trifunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The chain structures of the PLA samples were characterized by size-exclusion IPI-549 chromatography coupled with a light scattering detector (SEC-MALLS) and shear and extensional rheology. PLA tends to degrade while keeps linear structures with increasing irradiation dose and without addition of TMPTA, as evidenced by decreased molecular mass M-w and reductions of storage modulus G’ and the zero shear viscosity

eta’. Long-chain branched PLA samples were successfully prepared with irradiation and addition of TMPTA, which shows prominent higher eta(0) and apparent flow activation energy, longer characteristic relaxation

time tau, and pronounced Geneticin ic50 strain-hardening behaviors. With increasing amount of TMPTA, selleck compound M-w dependences of eta(0) and the root mean square radius of gyration R-g obviously deviate from the scaling relation of linear PLA samples, which strongly indicates the increased long-chain branching degree for the branched PLA samples. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1857-1865, 2011″
“This review focuses on recent progress on injectorless quantum cascade lasers, an increasingly attractive approach in comparison to the “”classical”" injectorbased concepts. This particularly holds for the wavelength range between 7 and 12 mu m, where fundamental vibrational modes of many important molecules exist, so that sensor systems for medical, industrial and military applications highly benefit from these laser sources. The atmospheric transmission window between 8 and 12 mu m, with very low damping, also enables free space applications like communication, military countermeasures, and environmental sensors. Injectorless devices operate closer to the original design principle for intersubband lasers as suggested by Suris and Kazarinov [Sov. Phys. Semicond. 5, 707 (1971)]. Therefore, a short description of their features is given in comparison to injectorbased devices. Within recent years, injectorless devices have seen rapid improvement in performance. Best injectorless devices reach threshold current densities of 450 A/cm(2) at 300 K, a factor of 1.

J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“In 2001, the PROWESS (Recombinant H

J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“In 2001, the PROWESS (Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis) trial demonstrated a 6.1% absolute

decrease in mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Recombinant human activated protein click here C was subsequently licensed for use by both the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency. There has been some controversy over aspects of the original study protocol, and subsequent trials have raised concerns about both the efficacy and the side effect profile of recombinant human activated protein C. Significant doubt remains as to the role of recombinant human activated protein C in the management of severe sepsis, and this review aims to summarize the evidence both for and against its use.”
“An indica pyramiding line, DK151, and its recurrent parent, IR64, were evaluated under drought stress and non-stress conditions for three consecutive seasons. DK151 showed significantly improved tolerance to drought. Baf-A1 The DNA methylation changes in DK151 and IR64 under drought stress and subsequent recovery were assessed using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism analysis. Our results indicate that drought-induced

genome-wide DNA methylation changes accounted for similar to 12.1% of the total site-specific methylation differences in the rice genome. This drought-induced DNA methylation pattern showed three interesting properties. The most important one was its genotypic specificity selleck PARP 抑制剂 reflected by large differences in the detected DNA methylation/demethylation sites between DK151 and IR64, which result from introgressed genomic fragments in DK151. Second, most drought-induced methylation/demethylation sites were of two major types distinguished by their reversibility, including 70% of the sites at which drought-induced epigenetic changes were reversed to their original status after recovery, and 29% of sites at which the drought-induced DNA demethylation/methylation changes remain even after recovery. Third,

the drought-induced DNA methylation alteration showed a significant level of developmental and tissue specificity. Together, these properties are expected to have contributed greatly to rice response and adaptation to drought stress. Thus, induced epigenetic changes in rice genome can be considered as a very important regulatory mechanism for rice plants to adapt to drought and possibly other environmental stresses.”
“Study Design. The aim of this study was to develop a tissue engineering approach in regenerating the annulus fibrosus (AF) as part of an overall strategy to produce a tissue-engineered intervertebral disc (IVD) replacement.

Objective. To determine whether a rehabilitative simulation regime on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell cell-sheet is able to aid the regeneration of the AF.

Summary of Background Data.