(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved “
“An analysis of

(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An analysis of the effect of a cosolvent on the association of a solute in solution using the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions is presented. The approach builds on the previous results of Ben-Naim by extending the range of applicability to include any number of components at finite concentrations in both closed and

semiopen systems. The derived expressions, which are exact, provide a foundation for the analysis and rationalization of cosolvent effects on molecular and biomolecular equilibria including protein association, aggregation, and cellular crowding. A slightly different view of cellular crowding is subsequently obtained. In particular, it is observed that the addition of large cosolvents still favors the associated form even when traditional excluded volume effects are absent.

(C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3253299]“
“Despite www.selleckchem.com/products/Lapatinib-Ditosylate.html the current debate about the computational role of experimentally observed precise spike patterns it is still theoretically unclear under which conditions and how they may emerge in neural circuits. Here, we study spiking neural networks with non-additive dendritic interactions that were recently uncovered in single-neuron experiments. We show that supra-additive dendritic interactions enable the persistent propagation of synchronous activity already in purely random networks without superimposed structures and explain SBE-β-CD solubility dmso the mechanism underlying it. This study adds

a LBH589 purchase novel perspective on the dynamics of networks with nonlinear interactions in general and presents a new viable mechanism for the occurrence of patterns of precisely timed spikes in recurrent networks.”
“Microchip-mass spectrometry (chip-MS) has been emerging as an excellent analytical tool in the analysis of complex biological samples. The microchip can play an important role, as in cell culture and sample-preparation steps prior to mass spectral identification, which benefit from its ability to handle small sample quantities with the potential for high-throughput parallel analysis. We describe recent progress in chip-MS, including approaches that combined microchip devices with electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. We then review the main applications of chip-MS in proteomics and cell analysis in the past three years. We also look at the implications for the future of the field. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Four new species of presumed troglobitic polydesmidan millipeds in two new genera are described from caves in the states of Arizona, Nevada and California. Pratherodesmus, n. gen., is comprised of the type species, P. voylesi, n. sp., P. ecclesia, n. sp., and P. despaini, n. sp. The genus is found in Arizona and California. Nevadesmus ophimontis, n. gen., n. sp., is from White Pine Co., Nevada; the new genus also includes N.


“Background Epidemiologists at the Utah Department of Hea


“Background. Epidemiologists at the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) began to study prescription drug-related harm in 2004. We have analyzed several types of data including vital statistics, medical examiner records, emergency department diagnoses, and the state prescription registry to estimate the scope and correlates of prescription drug-related harm.\n\nObjectives. To describe data sets analyzed in Utah related to the problem of prescription drug-related harm with the goal of designing interventions to reduce the burden of adverse events and death.\n\nResults. Prescription drug-related harm in Utah primarily involved opioids and can be Selleck GM6001 examined with secondary analysis of administrative databases,

although each database has limitations.\n\nConclusions. More analyses, likely from cohort studies, are needed to identify risky prescribing patterns and individual-level risk factors for opioid-related harm. Combining data sets via linkage procedures can generate individual-level drug exposure and outcome histories, which may be useful to simulate a prospective cohort.”
“This paper focuses on the interactions between oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the molecular level with the purpose to provide basic information for optimizing Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor the biological utilization and pharmaceutical applications of OSA. The results revealed that OSA could strongly quench

the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (Delta H) and entropy change (Delta S), were also calculated. The process of binding was a spontaneous process in which Gibbs free energy change was negative. The distances between donor (BSA) and acceptor (OSA) were calculated to be 2.41, P5091 manufacturer 2.54 and 2.84 nm for SA-BSA, 10% OSA-BSA and 30% OSA-BSA systems, based on Forster non-radiative energy transfer theory, respectively. The results of synchronous

fluorescence spectra showed that binding of OSA with BSA cannot induce conformational changes in BSA. Meanwhile, the OSA with low degree of oxidization (DO% <= 30%) was non-cytotoxic. Therefore, OSA could be promising as a bioactive compound carrier. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011″
“Sit-to-stand (STS) is a functional dynamic task, requiring movement of the lumbar spine, however, little is known about whether regional differences or between-gender differences exist during this task. The aim of this study was to confirm whether kinematic differences existed within regions of the lumbar spine during STS and also to determine whether between-gender differences were evident. An electromagnetic measurement device, recording at 25 Hz, determined how different lumbar spine regions (combined, lower and upper) moved during STS in 29 healthy participants (16 males, 13 females). Discrete outputs including mean range of motion (ROM), maximum and minimum were calculated for each lumbar spine region.

Regional CBF and the degree of parahippocampal gyms atrophy were

Regional CBF and the degree of parahippocampal gyms atrophy were studied in 22 chronic alcoholic male patients with no neurological or psychological symptom (mean age, 59.3 +/- 4.1 years). Their findings PHA-739358 in vitro were compared with those of 22 age-matched, male, normal controls (mean age, 59.7 +/- 3.9 years). Single-photon emission computed tomography was performed using the (99m)Tc-ethylcysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc-ECD) Patlak Plot method, and the three-dimensional stereotaxic region of interest (ROI) template (3DSRT) and the fine stereotaxic ROI template (fine SRT) developed by Takeuchi et al were used to evaluate regional CBF, focusing primarily on the limbic system. These methods

make it possible to precisely and objectively measure the details of regional CBF. The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD) was used to determine the degree of parahippocampal gyrus atrophy in chronic alcoholic patients. VSRAD is a method developed by Hirata et al for evaluating the degree of atrophy of the parahippocampal gyrus. The results were analyzed using Z scores (>2 indicating significant atrophy). Blood flows in the callosomarginal region, pericallosal region, thalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdaloid body, anterior cingulate PFTα purchase gyrus, and middle cingulate gyrus were lower in the chronic

alcoholic group than in the control group. Parahippocampal gyms atrophy was not observed in the control group (average Z score, 0.62 +/- 0.29). In contrast, an atrophic tendency was observed in the chronic alcoholic group (average Z score, 1.88 +/- 0.44). Clinically intact, chronic alcoholic patients with no neurological or psychological symptom had decreased CBF in the limbic system and a tendency to

parahippocampal gyros atrophy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Poor weight gain is common in infants after Stage I Norwood JQ-EZ-05 order operation and can negatively impact outcomes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of feeding strategy on interstage weight gain. Methods: In a multi-centre study, 158 infants discharged following the Norwood operation were enrolled prospectively. Weight and feeding data were obtained at 2-week intervals. Differences between feeding regimens in average daily weight gain and change in weight-for-age z-score between Stage I discharge and Stage II surgery were examined. Results: Discharge feeding regimens were oral only in 52%, oral with tube supplementation in 33%, and by nasogastric/gastrostomy tube only in 15%. There were significant differences in the average daily interstage weight gain among the feeding groups – oral only 25.0 grams per day, oral/tube 21.4 grams per day, and tube only 22.3 grams per day – p=0.019. Tube-only-fed infants were significantly older at Stage II (p=0.004) and had a significantly greater change in weight-for-age z-score (p=0.007).

Immunocompetent mice exposed to TS in this manner and challenged

Immunocompetent mice exposed to TS in this manner and challenged by submucosal placement of a syngeneic malignant tumor had significantly increased tumor growth over time compared with controls. No difference in growth rate was observed when the experiment was performed with natural killer cell-deficient, SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. In addition, exposure of epidermal Langerhans cells in vitro to an aqueous extract of TS impaired their ability

to undergo maturation and to present antigen to responsive T cells. Conclusions: Immunologic changes induced in the oral cavity by exposure to TS may play a role in the development of oral cancers.”
“Aim: To investigate the influence of breviscapine on high glucose-induced hypertrophy of

cardiomyocytes and the relevant mechanism in vitro selleck chemicals and in vivo.\n\nMethods: Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes were divided into i) control; ii) high glucose concentrations; iii) high glucose+PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220; iv) high glucose+breviscapine; or v) high glucose+NF-kappa B inhibitor BAY11-7082. Cellular contraction frequency and volumes were measured; the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were assessed by Western blot or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and randomly divided into i) control rats; ii) diabetic rats; or iii) diabetic rats administered with breviscapine (10 or 25 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). After treatment with breviscapine for six

weeks, the selleck compound echocardiographic parameters were measured. All rats were then sacrificed and heart tissue was obtained for microscopy. The expression patterns of PKC, Lonafarnib molecular weight NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were measured by Western blot or RTPCR.\n\nResults: Cardiomyocytes cultured in a high concentration of glucose showed an increased pulsatile frequency and cellular volume, as well as a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and c-fos compared with the control group. Breviscapine could partly prevent these changes. Diabetic rats showed relative cardiac hypertrophy and a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and c-fos; treatment with breviscapine could ameliorate these changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy.\n\nConclusion: Breviscapine prevented cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of PKC, which may have a protective effect in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PKC/NF-kappa B/c-fos signal transduction pathway.”
“Tissue kallikrein has been suggested to be involved in blood pressure regulation and in protection against hypertension. However, this hypothesis remains debated. Recently, murine genetic models of kallikrein deficiency have been engineered and partial genetic deficiency in kallikrein activity has been characterized in humans.

The study also revealed that gene flow between the three differen

The study also revealed that gene flow between the three different hot spring populations was sufficiently low thus allowing their differentiation. This IPI-145 mw differentiation was unexpected considering the very close proximity of the springs to each other. It is possible that the swamp creates a barrier to free movement of fish from one spring to the other thereby diminishing gene flow. Finally, the most surprising and worrying results were that the three hot spring populations are introgressed by mtDNA genes of O. leucostictus, while microsatellite analysis suggested that some nuclear genes may also have crossed the species barrier. It

is very likely that the recent intensification of aquaculture activities in the Loboi drainage may be responsible for these introgressions. Taking into account the importance of these new genetic resources, protection and management actions of the Loboi

swamp should be accorded top priority to prevent the loss of these spring populations.”
“In the past years, many reports have described the existence of neural progenitor and stem cells in the adult central see more nervous system capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This discovery has overturned the central assumption in the neuroscience field, of no new neurons being originated in the brain after birth and provided the fundaments to understand the molecular basis of neural differentiation and to develop new therapies for neural tissue repair. Although the mechanisms underlying cell fate during neural development are not yet understood, the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and of an appropriate microenvironment is well known. In this context, emerging evidence strongly suggests that glial cells play a key role in controlling multiple steps of neurogenesis. Those cells, of particular radial glia, are important for migration, cell specification, and

integration of neurons into a functional neural network. This review aims to present an update in the neurogenesis area and highlight the modulation of neural stem cell differentiation by neurotransmitters, growth factors, and their receptors, with possible applications for cell therapy strategies of neurological disorders. (C) 2008 international Society for Advancement of Cytometry”
“Talin is a 270-kDa protein that Autophagy Compound Library order activates integrins and couples them to cytoskeletal actin. Talin contains an N-terminal FERM domain comprised of F1, F2 and F3 domains, but it is atypical in that F1 contains a large insert and is preceded by an extra domain F0. Although F3 contains the binding site for beta-integrin tails, F0 and F1 are also required for activation of beta 1-integrins. Here, we report the solution structures of F0, F1 and of the F0F1 double domain. Both F0 and F1 have ubiquitin-like folds joined in a novel fixed orientation by an extensive charged interface.

Given that a lignocaine ring block is accepted as an adequate met

Given that a lignocaine ring block is accepted as an adequate method of pain relief for antler removal, the application of rubber rings followed by a period of >= 30 minutes after application can be advocated as a viable alternative for pain relief.”
“A 3-week-old Friesian colt with a history of respiratory distress since birth was presented to our facility. Results after an endoscopy showed obstruction of the right nasal passage to the nasopharynx. Computed tomography was

performed to further characterize this unilateral blockage. selleckchem The images demonstrated a complete membranous obstruction of the ventral meatus, along with deviation of the vomer bone toward the left side of the nasal cavity. The diagnosis of unilateral selleck products choanal atresia was confirmed. This report is the first to describe computed tomographic features of choanal atresia in a foal.”
“Four series of hydrogen bonded complexes of formamide and substituted benzoic acids and benzoates were

studied in the light of substituent effect on intermolecular interactions. The analysis based on energy of interaction, geometry, QTAIM-derived properties of hydrogen bond critical point and energy of hydrogen bonds were made and discussed. The opposite effect of the substituent on hydrogen bond donor and acceptor in acid series was found and analyzed. The isodesmic reactions were used to further study the interaction preferences.”
“The role of woody perennials in the Ganga river basin in modifying the run-off quality as influenced by atmospheric deposition of pollutant aerosols was investigated. The concentration of seven nutrients and eight metals were measured in atmospheric deposits as well as in run-off water under Ro-3306 molecular weight the influence of five woody perennials. Nutrient retention was recorded maximum for Bougainvillea spectabilis ranged from

4.30 % to 33.70 %. Metal retention was recorded highest for Ficus benghalensis ranged from 5.15 % to 36.98 %. Although some species showed nutrient enrichment, all the species considered in the study invariably contribute to reduce nutrients and metal concentration in run-off water. Reduction in run off was recorded maximum for B. spectabilis (nutrient 6.48 %-40.66 %; metal 7.86 %-22.85 %) and minimum for Ficus religiosa (nutrient 1.68 %-27.19 %; metal 6.55 %-31.55 %). The study forms the first report on the use of woody perennials in reducing input of atmospheric pollutants to Ganga river and has relevance in formulating strategies for river basin management.”
“Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, belongs to the bacterial pathogens first described in the so-called golden era of microbiology more than 100 years ago. In the course of the following decades, several other closely related pathogens were described which are nowadays classified in the genus Bordetella together with B. pertussis.

RESULTS: Overall, 20 9%, 32 0%, and 47 2% of women gained inadequ

RESULTS: Overall, 20.9%, 32.0%, and 47.2% of women gained inadequate, adequate, and excessive gestational weight, respectively. Prepregnancy BMI was strongly associated with weight gain outside recommendations. Compared with

normal-weight women (prevalence 51.8%), underweight women (4.2%) had decreased odds of excessive gain (adjusted OR 0.50, CI 0.40-0.61), whereas overweight and obese class I, II, and III (23.6%, 11.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5%, respectively) women had increased odds of excessive gain (adjusted OR range 2.07, CI 1.63-2.62 to adjusted OR 2.99, CI 2.63-3.40). Underweight and obese class II and III women had increased odds of inadequate gain (adjusted OR 1.25, find more CI 1.01-1.55 to 1.86, CI 1.45-2.36). Most characteristics associated with weight gain adequacy were demographic such as racial

or ethnic minority status and education and varied by prepregnancy BMI. Notably, one behavioral characteristic-smoking cessation-was associated with excessive gain among normal-weight and obese women. CONCLUSION: Most women gained weight outside recommendations. Understanding characteristics associated with inadequate or excessive weight gain may identify potentially at-risk women and inform much-needed interventions.”
“Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and are associated with the highest mortality rate. Glioma invasion is one of the most notable causes of the poor prognosis of this cancer. Selleckchem KU55933 Preventing the invasive behavior of malignant glioma cells by altering effector molecules can significantly improve the prognosis of a patient. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, 22 nucleotides in length, that are able to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer. In the present study, the expression level of miRNA 218 (miR-218) was found to be

markedly downregulated in glioma cell lines and human primary glioma tissues. check details miR-218 upregulation was found to dramatically reduce the migratory speed and invasive ability of glioma cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-218 in glioma cells resulted in the downregulation of roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Robo1), upregulation of Slit homolog 2 (Slit2) and the expression of associated proteins following Robo1 knockdown by small interfering RNA. In addition, it was demonstrated that miR-218 inactivated the Slit2-Robo1 pathway through downregulating Robo1 expression by directly targeting the 3-untranslated region (3-UTR) of Robo1. The present results indicate that miR-218 plays important roles in preventing the invasiveness of glioma cells, and reveals a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated direct suppression of the Slit2-Robo1 pathway in glioma.

The degree of adaptation did not significantly explain variation

The degree of adaptation did not significantly explain variation in the extent of parallelism in our system but number of available beneficial mutations correlated negatively with parallel evolution. In addition, degree of parallel evolution was

significantly higher in populations PD173074 supplier evolved in a spatially structured, multiresource environment, suggesting that environmental heterogeneity may be an important factor constraining adaptation. Overall, our results stress the importance of environment in driving parallel evolutionary changes and point to a number of avenues for future work for understanding when evolution is predictable.”
“A novel nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared with cyclen and trimesoyl chloride by interfacial polymerization on a poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 50,000 Da. The effects of the reaction time, monomer concentration, and heat-treatment temperature are discussed. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the

prepared NF membrane were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy. The NF performances were evaluated with solutions of Na2SO4, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)(2), and NaCl. The salt-rejection order of the prepared Kinase Inhibitor Library supplier NF membrane was as follows: Na2SO4 bigger than MgSO4 bigger than (o) over cap Mg(NO3)(2) bigger than NaCl. The resulting rejection of Na2SO4 and PEG600 (polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 600) were more than 90%, whereas that of NaCl was approximately 10%. After the addition of silica sol in the aqueous phase (silica sol concentration=0.1% see more w/v), the salt rejection of the membrane changed slightly. However, the water flux was from 24.2 L.m(-2).h(-1) (25 degrees C, 0.6 MPa) up to 38.9

L.m(-2).h(-1) (25 degrees C, 0.6 MPa), and the resulting membrane exhibited excellent hydrophilicity. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Gapjunctions mediate electrical and metabolic communication between cells in almost all tissues and are proposed to play important roles in cellular growth control, differentiation and embryonic development. Gap junctional communication and channel assembly were suggested to be regulated by interaction of connexins with different proteins including kinases and phosphatases. Here, we identified the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) protein to bind to the carboxyterminal tail of connexin45 in a yeast two-hybrid protein interaction screen. Glutathione S-transferase Pull down experiments and immunoprecipitation revealed that not only connexin45 but also connexin30.

Absence of Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) has been reported in SS rel

Absence of Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) has been reported in SS related renal tubular acidosis (RTA). We hypothesise how defect in V-ATPase could account for decreased neurotransmitter release leading onto exocrine dysfunction, neuroendocrine manifestations and hearing loss which are well described manifestations in SS. S-phase-kinase-associated NVP-BSK805 ic50 protein-1 (Skp1) is a constituent

of RAVE which is involved in V-ATPase assembly. It is also a component of SCF ligase which is crucial in NF kappa B signalling. SKP1 also interacts with TRIM 21/Ro 52 which is an autoantigen in SS. By virtue of these interactions, we postulate how a defective skp1 could fit into the existing pathogenesis of SS and also account for increased risk of lymphoma in SS as well as congenital heart block in fetus of mothers with SS. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The most abundant protein secondary structure in nature – the -helix – is frequently found at protein interfaces, making it an important lead structure for the design of small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Nature’s ability to precisely control the length of -helices, especially in the context of helix-mediated PPIs, is key to https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ca3.html ensuring the optimal interaction of protein partners. By extension, precise control over the length of -helix mimetics

is necessary to ensure optimal disruption of -helix-mediated PPIs.

This article will highlight the emerging importance of helix length control in the context of helix-mediated PPIs through a discussion of the contemporary chemical approaches to identifying novel helix mimetic inhibitors, including all-hydrocarbon stapling, hydrogen bond surrogates and optimized peptides emerging from in vitro screening methods. A current update on the therapeutic status of the different approaches is provided, as well as indications as to their long-term potential.”
“Background: Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is caused by mutations of the OCA2 gene. selleck chemicals Individuals affected by OCA2 as well as other types of albinism are at a significantly increased risk for sun-induced skin-cancers, including malignant melanoma (MM). Objective: To identify the molecular etiology of oculocutaneous albinism in a previously uncharacterized melanoma pedigree and to investigate the relationship between two OCA2 variants and melanoma predisposition in this pedigree.\n\nMethods: DNA and RNA were isolated from the peripheral blood of seven patients in a familial melanoma pedigree. Electron microscopy was performed on the individual with clinical oculocutaneous albinism. OCA2, TYRP1, MC1R, CDKN2A1p16, CDKN2A/p19ARF, and CDK4 genes were sequenced in affected individuals. The relationship between OCA2 variants and melanoma was assessed using a pedigree likelihood-based method.

Hence, spatial structure determines the co-occurrence of host and

Hence, spatial structure determines the co-occurrence of host and parasite species, but their evolutionary history is the main factor defining which interactions are possible.”
“Electrogenerated base induced dehydrocoupling of pyrazol-5-ones was investigated. The results showed that dehydrodimers and dehydrotrimers were generated simultaneously under 3-deazaneplanocin A electrolytic conditions, and their ratio was mainly dependent on the reaction temperature

and the nature of the supporting electrolyte. It was observed that the formation of dimer 2 is preferred at lower temperatures and that trimer 3 is preferentially formed at higher temperatures. In addition, higher yields of 3 could be obtained when NaI was used as the supporting electrolyte. The dehydrocoupling reaction of pyrazol-5-ones to form dimer 2 and trimers 3 and 4 was proposed to be through an EGB-induced cascade mechanism.”
“Cryptosporidium parvum is a common enteric protozoan pathogen of humans and livestock. Multilocus genotyping based on simple sequence repeat polymorphisms has been used extensively to identify transmission cycles and to investigate the structure of Cryptosporidium parvum populations and of the related pathogen selleck chemicals Cryptosporidium

hominis. Using such methods, the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum has been shown to be epidemiologically important. Because different genetic markers have been used in different surveys, the comparison of Cryptosporidium genotypes across different laboratories is often not feasible. Therefore, few comparisons of Cryptosporidium populations across wide geographical areas have been published and our understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis is fragmented. Here we report on the genotypic analysis of a large collection of 692 Cryptosporidium parvum isolates originating primarily from cattle and other ruminants from Italy, Ireland p53 inhibitor and Scotland. Because the same genotypic markers were used in these surveys, it was possible to merge

the data. We found significant geographical segregation and a correlation between genetic and geographic distance, consistent with a model of isolation by distance. The presence of strong LD and positive I-A(S) values in the combined MLG dataset suggest departure from panmixia, with different population structures of the parasite prevailing in each country. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The reaction of the catalase-peroxidase of Burkholderia pseudomallei with peroxyacetic acid has been analyzed using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Two well-defined species were observed, the first defined by an increase in intensity and narrowing of the Soret band at 407 nm and a 10-nm shift of the charge transfer band from 635 to 625 nm. These features are consistent with a ferric spectrum with a greater proportion of sixth-coordination character and are assigned to an Fe(III)-peroxyacetic acid complex.