\n\nResults: The dose equivalent per treatment absorbed dose at the center of the range-modulated region H/D(t) decreased as the position became farther from the beam axis and farther from the phantom surface. The values of H/D(t) ranged from 6.7 to 0.16 mSv/Gy for the 400 MeV/u carbon beam, from

1.3 to 0.055 mSv/Gy for the 290 MeV/u carbon beam, and from 4.7 to 0.24 mSv/Gy for the 235 MeV proton beam. The values of the dose-averaged quality factor Q(D) ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 for the 400 MeV/u beam, from 2.8 to 5.3 for the 290 MeV/u beam, and from 5.1 to 8.2 for the proton beam. The authors also observed differences in the distributions of H/D(t) and Q(D) between the carbon and proton beams.\n\nConclusions: The authors experimentally obtained absorbed doses, dose-averaged SNX-5422 ic50 quality factors, and dose equivalents in water phantom outside of the irradiation field in passive carbon-ion IPI-145 manufacturer and proton radiotherapies with TEPC. These data are very useful for estimating the risk of secondary cancer after receiving passive

radiotherapies and for verifying Monte Carlo calculations. (C) 2010 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOT: 10.1118/1.3458721]“
“Scorpion stings constitute a common type of accident in Turkey due to the geographic location, climate and socioeconomic structure of this country. Moreover, envenomation cases are considered a public health problem throughout Turkey. Based on data in the literature, the

main clinical features Y-27632 of scorpion envenomations are defined as systemic manifestations including sweating, hypertension and vomiting, and among prominent causes of death are cardiorespiratory manifestations, toxic myocarditis and pulmonary edema. The most important health-threatening scorpions found in Turkey are: Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Mesobuthus gibbosus and Mesobuthus eupeus, all of which belong to the Buthidae family. This study indicates that there is no data related to venom toxicity and in vivo effects of other scorpions found in Turkey-such as Mesobuthus caucasicus, Mesobuthus nigrocinctus and Hottentotta saulcyi-and that further research should be performed to determine their health effects.”
“We analyzed the characteristics associated with the growth in height of Japanese triplets from birth to 12 years of age. The study included 376 mothers and their 1,128 triplet children, who were born between 1978 and 2006. Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire sent to the mothers asking for information recorded in medical records.

\n\nConclusion: Effective modifications have significantly improved the safety and efficacy of the dermal bra technique and have made it a mature approach for reduction mammaplasty and ptosis correction. (Plast.

Reconstr. Surg. 129: 1237, 2012.)”
“Background Alpine skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports. The practice of ATG-016 these sports is related to traumatic injuries, some of which are severe and/or life threatening.\n\nObjectives To identify the incidence, injury patterns and associated risk factors of severe and polytraumatic injuries in South Tyrol.\n\nMaterials and methods During four consecutive winter seasons (2001-2005), data of every patient referred to our emergency department (Bolzano-Bozen) after a skiing or snowboarding accident were collected. One hundred and five patients with an Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher were identified (90 skiers, 15 snowboarders). Statistical descriptive analyses were carried out by producing frequency tables. Chi-square

test https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-3306.html was performed to verify possible association between injury severity and type of sport. Risk factors for severe injuries were evaluated using logistic regression with robust variance estimators.\n\nResults Traumatic brain injury was the most common injury observed (51 cases), followed by vertebral injury (45 cases); 63% of the patients reported two or more associated injuries. We observed significant associations between severe spine injuries and the following risk factors: snowboarders who reported more Roscovitine manufacturer severe injuries than skiers [odds ratio = 5.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31, 26.44],

age classes of 40-50 years and over 60 years showed an OR of 8.10 (95% CI = 1.87, 35.06) and 5.16 (95% CI = 1.27, 21.01), respectively, with respect to age class (20-40 years).\n\nConclusion Severe traumatic injuries occur among skiers and snowboarders, and preventive measures such as the use of helmets and educational programs, are necessary. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 19: 69-72 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“PURPOSE: To assess the three-dimensional repeatability of thickness measurements for epithelium, stroma, cornea, flap, and residual stromal bed using the Artemis very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound arc-scanner (ArcScan Inc).\n\nMETHODS: Five consecutive measurements were obtained for 10 eyes of 10 patients 1 year after LASIK using the Artemis VHF digital ultrasound arc-scanner across the central 10-mm diameter of the cornea. Repeatability analysis was performed for thickness measurements for each corneal layer-epithelium, stroma, cornea, flap, and residual stromal bed. The standard deviation of repeated measurements (point-repeatability) was calculated for each measurement location in 0.1-mm steps for the 10 x 10-mm matrix.

In spite of this, there has been little attention focused on the oocyte itself. Recent findings in mammals have indicated that the oocyte produces several oocyte-specific factors, including growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic factor 15 (BMP15), which influence the surrounding cells and follicular development. Our studies indicate that GDF9 is present in the hen oocyte GW3965 mouse and influences granulosa cell proliferation. Additionally, Bmp15 mRNA is most abundant in oocytes of small follicles and stimulates an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor mRNA in granulosa cells. BMP15 also enhances yolk uptake in growing follicles by decreasing

tight junctions between granulosa cells. These studies indicate that the oocyte likely contributes to follicle development. Commercial laying hens

also spontaneously develop ovarian cancer at a high rate, and susceptibility to this disease has been associated with ovulatory events in women. Studies have shown that ovulation, or events associated with ovulation, increase Z-IETD-FMK mouse the prevalence of ovarian cancer in hens. Inhibition of ovulation in hens through a hormonal strategy mimicking oral contraceptives results in a decrease of ovarian cancer incidence. Recent studies in women have suggested that some ovarian tumors may arise from the distal oviduct. Gene expression profiles in very early stage tumors from hens show a high expression of oviduct-related genes, supporting the possibility of oviduct EPZ-6438 origin for some ovarian tumors. Genetic selection for high productivity in commercial laying hens has generated an efficient and valuable food source as well as an important animal model for human ovarian

cancer.”
“Exposure to stressful experiences can increase vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. A potential neuroendocrine mechanism mediating the link between stress and health is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, with a key role attributed to the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Retrospective and cross sectional clinical studies of humans and experimental studies with nonhuman primates and rodents suggest that traumatic experiences during critical periods in development may have permanent effects on HPA regulation, which in turn can have deleterious effects on health. Here I report results from a continuous 20-year study (1988-2009) of children in a rural community on Dominica. Sequential data on cortisol levels, social stressors, and health in naturalistic, everyday conditions are examined to assess developmental trajectories of HPA functioning. Saliva aliquots were assayed for cortisol in concert with monitoring of growth, morbidity, and social environment. Analyses here include data from 1989 to 1999 for 147 children aged 3-16 years with >100 saliva samples each. Cortisol values were standardized by elapsed time since wake-up.

The properties of chitosan/PLGA nanocomposite scaffolds, including the porosity, water absorption, modulus of compressibility, and compression strength, were also investigated. The results showed that a special 3-D tubular porous structure with PLGA nanofibers could be formed in the chitosan/PLGA nanocomposite scaffolds. The porosity and water absorption of the chitosan/PLGA nanocomposite scaffolds decreased with an increase in chitosan solution concentration and electrospinning time. In addition, the modulus of compressibility and the compressive strength of the chitosan/PLGA nanocomposite scaffolds increased due to the addition of PLGA

nanofibers.”
“OBJECTIVE: There is a critical need for culturally relevant interventions to address obesity among Latino children, who have a greater risk of obesity and diabetes than non-Hispanic white children. To test the impact of a family-centered, Selleckchem ABT-263 JAK inhibitor culturally tailored obesity intervention

delivered through group medical appointments on body mass index (BMI) and other measures of cardiovascular risk among Latino children. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 55 parent-child dyads were assigned to Active and Healthy Families (AHF) or a usual care wait-list control condition. Dyads were eligible if they spoke Spanish and if the child received care in a federally qualified health center, was aged 5 to 12 years, had a BMI in the 85th percentile or higher, and had not participated in AHF. The 10-week AHF intervention included biweekly group sessions delivered by a registered dietitian, physician, and promotora triad. Sessions covered topics such as parenting, screen time, healthy beverages, physical activity, and stress due to immigration. RESULTS: Child BMI (kg/m(2)) decreased (-0.50) in the AHF group and increased (+0.32) in the control group, yielding an adjusted https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rsl3.html difference in change of -0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.28, -0.27). Children assigned to AHF also exhibited

relative improvements over controls in BMI z score (-0.10; 95% CI -0.19, -0.02) and triglycerides (-26.8 mg/dL; 95% CI -50.1, -3.6), but no significant between-group differences were observed for blood pressure or other fasting blood measures. CONCLUSIONS: AHF resulted in reductions in child BMI, BMI z score, and triglycerides. AHF, which was designed for low-income Latino families, has potential to reduce health disparities, but future studies are needed to determine long-term impact.”
“Chronic cholestasis and cholangitis may lead to the last phase known as biliary cirrhosis, characterized by cellular necrosis, apoptosis, tissue damage, local regeneration, inflammation and fibrosis. Such events are mediated by cytokines. Thalidomide and its analogs have shown to be effective immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective agents.

No significant difference for mean total Villalta score was observed between the intervention group (4.20 +/- A 3.05) and the control group (4.89 BGJ398 clinical trial +/- A 3.45). However, post hoc analysis of the scores in subacute patients showed significant differences between the intervention group and the control group from 1 month (6.79 +/- A 4.23, 8.28 +/- A 5.03, P = 0.02) to 24 months (4.21 +/- A 3.08, 5.67 +/- A 3.71, P = 0.006). A significant difference was also observed in subacute patients at the end of follow-up for VEINES-QOL/Sym (52.87 +/- A 6.52, 50.31 +/- A 6.07, P = 0.009; 51.87 +/- A 6.37, 49.72 +/- A 5.96, P = 0.02) and SF-36 PCS/MCS (45.02 +/- A 12.07, 41.13 +/- A 11.68, P = 0.03; 53.26 +/- A 11.43, 49.50 +/-

A 11.06, P = 0.03). Subacute iliofemoral DVT patients lacking effective therapy during acute phase, might receive more benefits from CDT with additional balloon dilatation. However, CDT alone is highly effective for acute patients.”
“The global burden of disease study estimated 695,000 premature deaths in 2010 due to continued exposure to outdoor particulate PND-1186 inhibitor matter and ozone pollution for India. By 2030, the expected growth in many of the sectors (industries, residential, transportation, power generation, and construction) will result in an increase in pollution related health impacts

for most cities. The available information on urban air pollution, their sources, and the potential of various interventions to control pollution, should help us propose a cleaner path to 2030. In this paper, we present an overview of the emission sources and control options for better air quality in Indian cities, with a particular focus on interventions Small molecule library like urban public transportation facilities; travel demand management; emission regulations for power plants; clean technology for brick kilns; management of road dust; and waste management to control open waste

burning. Also included is a broader discussion on key institutional measures, like public awareness and scientific studies, necessary for building an effective air quality management plan in Indian cities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Protein adsorption plays a crucial role in biomaterial surface science as it is directly linked to the biocompatibility of artificial biomaterial devices. Here, elucidation of protein adsorption mechanism is effected using dual polarization interferometry and a quartz crystal microbalance to characterize lysozyme layer properties on a silica surface at different coverage values. Lysozyme is observed to adsorb from sparse monolayer to multilayer coverage. At low coverage an irreversibly adsorbed layer is formed with slight deformation consistent with side-on orientation. At higher coverage values dynamic re-orientation effects are observed which lead to monolayer surface coverages of 2-3 ng/mm(2) corresponding to edge-on or/and end-on orientations.

In all cases it led to the production of the corresponding aglycone via deglycosylation. The deglycosylated flavonoids turned out to display significant beneficial effects on the hyphal growth of germinated spores. Our finding, along with the known allelopathic role of flavonoids, illustrates the chemical cooperation underlying the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the endophyte. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

reserved.”
“The present study employed light and electron microscopic methods to investigate the ontogenetic origin of the olfactory organ in bichirs (Cladistia: Polypteridae) and explore its evolution among osteichthyans. In former studies we demonstrated that in teleosts a subepidermal layer gives rise to the olfactory placode

which GSK2126458 in turn builds all types of olfactory cells (basal, receptor, supporting, ciliated non-sensory cells). In contrast, the olfactory placodes in sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae) as well as in the clawed frog Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae) originate from two different layers. Receptor neurons derive from cells of the subepidermal (sensory) layer and supporting cells from Elafibranor in vitro epidermal cells. As sturgeons and amphibians in some characters show a more primitive condition than teleosts, we extended our study to Polypterus to allow for an approach at the basic osteichthyan pattern. In Polypterus, an internal lumen occurs in early ontogenetic stages surrounded by the epithelium of the olfactory placode. selleck products Two different populations of supporting cells follow one another: a primary population derives from the subepidermal layer. Later supporting cells develop from epidermal cells by transdifferentiation. The primary opening of the internal lumen to the exterior develops by invagination from the epidermal surface and simultaneously by a counter-directed process of cell dissociation and fragmentation inside the olfactory placode. Our results indicate

the following features to be plesiomorphic actinopterygian character states: The primary olfactory pit (prospective olfactory cavity) is formed by invagination of the epidermal and the subepidermal layer (as in Acipenser and Xenopus). The incurrent and excurrent nostrils derive from a single primary opening which elongates and is then separated by an epidermal bridge into the two external openings (as in Acipenser and many teleosts). The olfactory epithelium derives from an epidermal and a subepidermal layer (as in Acipenser and Xenopus). Apomorphic (derived actinopterygian) features are: (1) an internal lumen as primordium of the future olfactory chamber; (2) a subepidermal layer gives rise to the olfactory epithelium and its constituents (Polypterus and teleosts). As to the origin of the olfactory supporting cells in Polypterus we assume a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters.

Analysis was of all patients for whom data were available (full analysis set). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00657163.\n\nFindings 118 patients were randomly assigned to fluoxetine (n=59) or placebo (n=59), and 113 were included in the analysis (57 in the fluoxetine group and 56 in the placebo group). Two patients died before day 90 and three withdrew from the study. FMMS improvement at day 90 was significantly greater in the fluoxetine group (adjusted mean 34.0 points [95% CI 29.7-38.4]) than in the placebo group (24.3 points [19.9-28.7]; p=0.003). The main adverse events in the fluoxetine and placebo groups were hyponatraemia (two [4%] vs two [4%]), transient

digestive disorders including nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain (14 [25%] vs six [11%]), hepatic JNK-IN-8 concentration enzyme PX-478 concentration disorders (five [9%] vs ten [18%]), psychiatric disorders (three [5%] vs four [7%]), insomnia (19 [33%] vs 20

[36%]), and partial seizure (one [<1%] vs 0).\n\nInterpretation In patients with ischaemic stroke and moderate to severe motor deficit, the early prescription of fluoxetine with physiotherapy enhanced motor recovery after 3 months. Modulation of spontaneous brain plasticity by drugs is a promising pathway for treatment of patients with ischaemic stroke and moderate to severe motor deficit.”
“A core requirement for imitation is a capacity to solve the correspondence problem; to map observed onto executed actions, even when observation and execution yield sensory inputs in different modalities and coordinate frames. Until recently, it was assumed that the human capacity to solve the correspondence problem is innate. However, it is now becoming apparent that, as predicted by the associative sequence learning model, experience, and especially sensorimotor experience, plays a critical role in the development

of imitation. We review evidence from studies of non-human animals, children and adults, focusing on research in cognitive neuroscience that uses training and naturally occurring variations in expertise to examine the role of experience in the formation of the mirror system. The relevance of this research depends on the widely held assumption that the mirror system plays a causal role in generating imitative behaviour. We also report original data supporting this 3-MA ic50 assumption. These data show that theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation of the inferior frontal gyrus, a classical mirror system area, disrupts automatic imitation of finger movements. We discuss the implications of the evidence reviewed for the evolution, development and intentional control of imitation.”
“A novel flavone, named 4′-methoxy-3′,5,7-trihydroxy-8-(1”-(3”’,4”’,5”’-trihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)flavone (1), was isolated from Sarcopyramis nepalensis, along with two known compounds syringaresinol (2) and aralidioside (3).

The transition in care from surgeon to NP in the vascular surgery unit of our hospital facilitated the comparison of both groups.\n\nMethods: A prospective study was undertaken to analyze the effect of NPs on QoL, anxiety,

and depressive symptom scores. Two groups were analyzed: a group of patients treated by a vascular surgeon alone (surgeon group) and a group of patients treated by a NP supervised by a vascular surgeon (NP group). Patients completed the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires both before and after intervention.\n\nResults: Two hundred fourteen patients were included in our study. Within groups, there was a significant GSK3326595 supplier increase in physical QoL, with 5.2 points in the surgeon group and 4.4 points in the NP group. There was a significant decrease in anxiety scores (-3.8 points in the surgeon group and -5.4 points in the NP group). selleck No differences were found for depressive symptoms. Between groups, no differences were found.\n\nConclusions: The same improvements were found for QoL and anxiety scores in both groups. Vascular NPs are therefore competent to explain procedures and guide patients

through vascular interventions.”
“We describe a case with pacemaker implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)

in a patient with complex congenital BLZ945 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor heart disease, facilitated by cardiac computed tomography (CT) and coronary sinus (CS) venography. A 37-year-old male presented with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and mesocardia, along with a history of two open heart surgeries (closure of atrial septal defects and a ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary valvectomy at age 7; mechanical tricuspid valve replacement at age 13). He showed symptoms of progressive heart failure (NYHA class III) with significant impairment of the systemic right ventricular function. He also developed permanent atrial fibrillation with a junctional rhythm at a rate of 45 beats per minute. Biventricular pacing without an atrial lead was considered to be the best option available. CRT implantation was facilitated by proper identification of CS anatomy utilizing cardiac CT and CS venography and was performed without any complications. At follow up, a postero-anterior chest X-ray showed the final position of the right-sided ventricular (left ventricular morphology) lead pointing to the apex and the left ventricular lead at the posterolateral aspect of the systemic ventricle (right ventricular morphology).”
“Environmental temperature variation can influence physiology, biogeography, and life history, with large consequences for ecology, evolution, and the impacts of climate change.

The aim of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics of Japanese adults with GHD by reviewing the records of participants who were GH-naive at the time of enrollment in the Hypopituitary Control and Complications

Study (N = 349). The majority of participants (280 of 349; 80.2%) had adult-onset rather than childhood-onset GHD. Hypothalamo-pituitary tumors were the most common cause of GHD in Japanese adults (247 of 349; 70.8%); these tumors were primarily pituitary adenomas in participants with adult-onset GHD (156 of 243; 64.2%), and germ cell tumors (19 of 40; 47.5%) and craniopharyngiomas (18 of 40; 45.0%) in participants with childhood-onset GHD. Most www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyt387.html participants (310 of 349; 88.8%) had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Dyslipidemia (195 of 349; 55.9%), visual field loss (67 of 349; 19.2%), hypertension (59 of 349; 16.9%), and liver disease (54 of 349; 15.5%) were the most common pre-existing conditions in Japanese adults with GHD. Quality of life was decreased in seven of the eight short form-36 domains in participants with

GHD compared with age-and sex-matched healthy Japanese individuals. Our findings confirm that the clinical characteristics of Japanese adults with GHD are similar to those of Caucasian adults with GHD. Confirmation of these clinical characteristics will enhance the ability of clinicians to identify and treat Japanese adults with GHD.”
“Hamsters experimentally PFTα solubility dmso infected with the neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) strain NY385-99 frequently develop persistent renal infection and viruria. Viruses recovered from the urine of such animals no longer cause neurological disease when inoculated into

naive hamsters. To examine if this phenotypic change is stable, and if additional nucleotide changes occur during further passages, a urine isolate from a persistently infected hamster (WNV 9317B) was serially passaged PF-04929113 purchase in hamsters, and representative isolates from each passage were analysed for pathogenesis in hamsters and by nucleotide sequencing. The progeny viruses tested all resulted in asymptomatic infection when inoculated into hamsters and caused no mortality. Most of the original nucleotide changes were retained in these serial WNV isolates. Changes were distributed throughout the genome at 116 sites, ranging from 0.082 to 0.262%, compared with the parent strain NY385-99, and they were mostly in coding regions. Our findings indicate that WNV underwent additional genetic changes during serial passage in hamsters, but there was no reversion to neurotropism and virulence.”
“We analyzed MBL2 gene variants in two cohorts of centenarians, octo-nonagenarians and nonagenarians, and in the general population, one from Sardinia Island (Italy), recruited in the frame of the AKea study, and another from Campania (southern Italy), to search for haplotypes related to longevity.

To evaluate the role of p38mapk, isolated aortas were treated with p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 (10 mu mol/L, 1 h) prior to the analysis. In addition, the role of p38mapk in Arg-II-induced eNOS-uncoupling was investigated in cultured human endothelial cells overexpressing Arg-II STA-9090 in the absence or presence of shRNA against p38mapk. Results:

HFD enhanced Arg-II expression/activity and p38mapk activity, which was associated with eNOS-uncoupling as revealed by decreased NO and enhanced L-NAME-inhibitable superoxide in aortas of WT obese mice. In accordance, WT obese mice revealed decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine despite of higher eNOS protein level, whereas Arg-II-/- obese mice were AZD1480 price protected from HFD-induced eNOS-uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction, which was associated with reduced p38mapk activation in aortas of the Arg-II-/- obese mice. Moreover, overexpression of Arg-II in human endothelial cells caused eNOS-uncoupling and augmented p38mapk activation. The Arg-II-induced eNOS-uncoupling was prevented by silencing p38mapk. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of p38mapk recouples eNOS in isolated aortas from WT obese mice. Conclusions: Taking together, we demonstrate here for the first time that Arg-II causes eNOS-uncoupling through activation of p38 mapk in HFD-induced obesity.”
“Background: Autoimmune thyroid

disease (AITD) comprises diseases including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, both characterized by reactivity to autoantigens causing, learn more respectively, inflammatory destruction

and autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. AITD is the most common thyroid disease and the leading form of autoimmune disease in women. Cytokines are key regulators of the immune and inflammatory responses; therefore, genetic variants at cytokine-encoding genes are potential risk factors for AITD. Methods: Polymorphisms in the IL6-174 G/C (rs1800795), TNFA-308 G/A (rs1800629), IL1B-511 C/T (rs16944), and IFNGR1-56 T/C (rs2234711) genes were assessed in a case-control study comprising 420 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients, 111 Graves’ disease patients and 735 unrelated controls from Portugal. Genetic variants were discriminated by real-time PCR using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Results: A significant association was found between the allele A in TNFA-308 G/A and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, both in the dominant (OR = 1.82, CI = 1.37-2.43, p-value = 4.4×10(-5)) and log-additive (OR = 1.64, CI = 1.28-2.10, p-value = 8.2×10(-5)) models. The allele C in IL6-174 G/C is also associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, however, only retained significance after multiple testing correction in the log-additive model (OR = 1.28, CI = 1.06-1.54, p-value = 8.