Lists of unique EC and KO numbers (when no EC-number was obtained) were created for each metagenome. These lists were then used to plot metabolic pathways for the two metagenomes onto metabolic pathway maps using KEGG Mapper: Colour Objects

in KEGG Pathways [62–65]. Signature genes for methane oxidation The reads were compared to protein sequence libraries for methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) and dissimilatory sulphite reductase (dsrAB) on the freely available Bioportal computer service [59]. The reference library for each enzyme was downloaded from Fungene (Functional gene pipeline & repository) version v6.1 this website [66]. We limited the libraries by selecting only the sequences with a score (bits saved) of 100 or more from the HMMER Hidden Markov Model search against NCBIs non-redundant protein database. We used blastX against the protein sequences selleck chemicals llc of each enzyme library with a maximum expectation value of 1.0E-20 [58]. Maximum one alignment was reported. BlastX output files were further analyzed using NCBI-taxonomy in MEGAN, version 3.9 [44]. The LCA-parameters were set to: Min Score:

35, Top Percent: 10.0 and Min Support: 1. All taxa were enabled. Estimates of effective genome sizes (EGS) and sampling probabilities of individual genes EGS was calculated according to the method developed by Raes et al [48] using the parameters a = 18.26, b = 3650 and c = 0.733. Blast against a subset of the STRING database (v9.0), containing the COGs concerned, were conducted at the freely available Bioportal computer service

[59, 67]. Sampling probability of the individual marker genes and expected number of sequences detected was calculated according to Beszteri et al [68]. We calculated with an average copy number of two for pmoA [69] and one for mcrA and dsrAB [70–72]. Average marker gene length was based on the reads present in the respective marker gene databases. Acknowledgements The project was granted by VISTA/Statoil. OEH and the analytical costs were financed by project 6151 to AGR and THAH was Casein kinase 1 financed by project 6503 to KSJ. The project was also supported by Norwegian Geotechnical Institutes education fund. We thank UC Santa Barbara Marine Operation divers in cooperation with David Valentine and Frank Kinnaman at UCSB for the core samples. We acknowledge David Valentine for valuable comments on the manuscript. The methane oxidation rate data of the cores and the seep gas analysis were Selleck VX-680 generated by Frank Kinnaman and Blair Paul (UCSB) and kindly provided to our metagenomic project. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Table S1. Calculations based on estimated Effective Genome Sizes. (References are listed in the reference list of the main manuscript). (DOC 76 KB) Additional file 2: Table S2.

All complexes show one-electron redox wave in the plotted potential range, attributed to the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple. Second pair of peaks was

only observed in the case of 1c compound. For four of them (1a, 1b, 2b and 3b) only selleck compound single reduction waves were present additionally. The E 1/2 values are within the range of −0.538 V (1b) to 0.076 V (2c). A considerable dispersion of E values was observed. It is possible to observe that E values are increasing in the following row: a < b < c for ligands and 2 series of complexes. However, for 3 series of complexes there is an inverse relationship: c < b < a. In case of complexes with 1a ligand (2a and 3a), one observes peak separation of roughly 45 mV, in contrast to complexes with ligands 1b and 1c which exhibit three times greater peak separation www.selleckchem.com/products/napabucasin.html (130–190 mV). The peak-to-peak separation (ΔE p) and proportion of the anodic peak current and the cathodic peak current mostly indicates a quasireversible process. However, in the case of 1a, 2a and 3a compounds, there is a reversible process. Table 2 Cyclic voltammetry data (V) No of compounds E pa 1 E pc 1 E 1/2 1 E pa 2 E pc 2 E 1/2 2 1a 0.081 −0.344 −0.131 – – – 1b −0.400 −0.675 −0.538 −0.287a – – 1c 0.097 −0.014 0.042 −0.034 −0.380 −0.207 2a −0.216 −0.264 −0.250 – – – 2b −0.219 −0.349 −0.284

0.043a – – 2c 0.158 −0.005 0.076 – – – 3a 0.123 TSA HDAC molecular weight −0.082 0.021 – – – 3b −0.148 −0.339 −0.244 0.225a – – 3c −0.229 −0.400 −0.315 – – – aOnly anodic peak It is known that an adequate Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential for effective

catalysis of superoxide radical must be required between −0.405 V for O2/O 2 •− and +0.645 V for O 2 •− /H2O2 versus SCE (at pH 7) or between −0.762 and +0.29 V versus Ag/AgNO3/ACN, respectively. The Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couples of both series of complexes (2a–c, 3a–c) are within this SPTLC1 potential range; therefore, these complexes are expected to exhibit SOD-like activity. The highest enhancement of SOD activity exhibits complexes with ligand 1c (2c, 3c). To make a Cu(II) complex thermodynamically competent in the H2O2 detoxification, the redox potential of the metal-centred redox couples should fall within the 0.04 V (O2/H2O2) to 1.01 V (H2O/H2O2) versus SCE potential range or between −0.32 and 0.65 V versus Ag/AgNO3 electrode. All the complexes (2a–c, 3a–c) have suitable E 1/2 potential and showed activity for the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Among them 2a, 2b, 3b and 3c complexes are comparably effective as CAT mimics. Conclusions In this study, electrochemical and antioxidant properties of six Cu(II) mononuclear complexes with pyrazole-based ligands were evaluated. The majority of Cu(II) complexes, under the experimental conditions used in this study, were found to be trifunctional enzyme mimics possessing SOD, CAT and GPx-like catalytic activities.

The highly adherent Type-A cells expressed higher levels of NFkB-regulated genes, many of them known to be associated PCI-32765 datasheet with multiple myeloma. Moreover, we found that the transcription of several multiple myeloma-related proto-oncogenes is stimulated by adhesion to fibronectin (i.e., expressed in “A-cells, but not in “AF”). In contrast, Type-F cells, which display poor adhesive and tumorigenic properties, expressed genes associated with higher levels of

B-cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that B-cell differentiation, as manifested by gene expression profiles, is attenuated by cell adhesion to fibronectin, leading to up-regulation of specific genes known to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. O82 Changes in Epigenetic Expression Patterns of Tumour Associated Fibroblasts (TAF) Kerstin Junker 1 , Astrid Enkelmann1, Joana Heinzelmann1, Daniel Steinbach2, Michaela Weidig3, Heiko Wunderlich1 1 Department of Urology, University Hospitals Jena, Jena, Germany, 2 Department of Gynaecology

and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Jena, Jena, Germany, 3 Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Jena, Jena, Germany Background: Interaction of tumour cells and tumour stroma has a high impact on tumour growth and progression due to different mechanisms in which they are involved, e.g. cell proliferation and invasion. These processes are normally regulated but in case of tumour growth several cell regulation mechanisms are defective. DNA methylation of selleck chemical CpG sites in promoter region of genes is known to be involved in regulation of tumour suppressor genes. Furthermore microRNAs (miRNA) are known to be crucial for negative regulation of translational gene expression. Purposes of this work are isolation and epigenetic characterisation of TAF from primary urinary bladder carcinoma. Material and VX-680 price Methods: TAF were isolated from cultured urinary bladder tumour

specimen by treatment with EDTA and differential trypsinisation. Non-tumour fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin and normal urinary bladder tissue. Furthermore total RNA was isolated from TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts to analyse the miRNA expression profile by miRNA array. Dichloromethane dehalogenase DNA isolation was performed to determine the methylation pattern of CpG sites in promoter region of selected oncogenes in TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts. Results: We developed a cell culture routine to isolate and subsequently cultivate TAF from primary material of urinary bladder carcinoma. Microarray analyses indicated a significant down regulation of expression levels of several miRNAs in TAF in comparison to non-tumour fibroblasts. Determining the methylation level of CpG sites of selected oncogene promoter regions revealed a specific methylation pattern of TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts.

References 1. Osawa Y, Osawa K, Miyaishi A, Higuchi M, Tsutou A, Matsumura S, Tabuchi Y, Tsubota N, Takahashi J: NAT2 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms and #Pifithrin-�� in vitro randurls[1|1|,|CHEM1|]# lung cancer risk in relation to smoking status. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2007, 8: 103–108.PubMed 2. Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffetta P: Genetic polymorphisms in the base excision repair pathway and cancer risk: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2005, 162: 925–942.CrossRefPubMed 3. Wood RD, Mitchell M, Sgouros J, Lindahl T: Human DNA repair genes. Science 2001, 291: 1284–1289.CrossRefPubMed

4. Shibutani S, Takeshita M, Grollman AP: Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG. Nature 1991, 349: 431–434.CrossRefPubMed 5. Boiteux S, Radicella JP: The human OGG1 gene: structure, functions, and https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-8602.html its implication in the process of carcinogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000, 377: 1–8.CrossRefPubMed 6. Ohtsubo T, Nishioka K, Imaiso Y, Iwai S, Shimokawa

H, Oda H, Fujiwara T, Nakabeppu Y: Identification of human MutY homolog (hMYH) as a repair enzyme for 2-hydroxyadenine in DNA and detection of multiple forms of hMYH located in nuclei and mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2000, 28: 1355–1364.CrossRefPubMed 7. Le Marchand L, Donlon T, Lum-Jones A, Seifried A, Wilkens LR: Association of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002, 11: 409–412.PubMed 8. Kohno T, Kunitoh H, Toyama K, Yamamoto S, Kuchiba A, Saito D, Yanagitani N, Ishihara S, Saito R, Yokota J: Association of the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism with lung adenocarcinoma risk. Cancer Sci 2006, 97: 724–728.CrossRefPubMed 9. Li H, Hao X, Zhang

W, Wei Q, Chen Ergoloid K: The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008, 17: 1739–1745.CrossRefPubMed 10. Kiyohara C, Takayama K, Nakanishi Y: Association of genetic polymorphisms in the base excision repair pathway with lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2006, 54: 267–283.CrossRefPubMed 11. Al-Tassan N, Chmiel NH, Maynard J, Fleming N, Livingston AL, Williams GT, Hodges AK, Davies DR, David SS, Sampson JR, Cheadle JP: Inherited variants of MYH associated with somatic G:C–>T:A mutations in colorectal tumors. Nat Genet 2002, 30: 227–232.CrossRefPubMed 12. Miyaki M, Iijima T, Yamaguchi T, Hishima T, Tamura K, Utsunomiya J, Mori T: Germline mutations of the MYH gene in Japanese patients with multiple colorectal adenomas. Mutat Res 2005, 578: 430–433.PubMed 13. Kim IJ, Ku JL, Kang HC, Park JH, Yoon KA, Shin Y, Park HW, Jang SG, Lim SK, Han SY, Shin YK, Lee MR, Jeong SY, Shin HR, Lee JS, Kim WH, Park JG: Mutational analysis of OGG1, MYH, MTH1 in FAP, HNPCC and sporadic colorectal cancer patients: R154H OGG1 polymorphism is associated with sporadic colorectal cancer patients. Hum Genet 2004, 115: 498–503.CrossRefPubMed 14.

Leriche et al. [19] have described the protection of certain bacterial strains by other strains within a mixed biofilm system. We therefore investigated the potential for a “”non biofilm-forming”" isolate (isolate 80) to be incorporated into the biofilm produced by isolate 17, a strong biofilm producer and check details showed that not only can an established biofilm of P. aeruginosa assist in the attachment and colonisation of another isolate, but also that the two P. aeruginosa isolates became integrated in a mixed biofilm as shown in cross section CSLM images (Fig. 5). In the mixed

biofilm scenario in vitro, the CF P. aeruginosa biofilm could consist of many different isolates, some of which are unable to form biofilms themselves yet can colonise an already established biofilm. Adaptability Selleckchem CDK inhibitor is the key to successful colonisation of an environmental niche and in the field of infectious disease, it is widely accepted that learn more a pathogen will normally have more than one way of exerting a pathogenic effect. Many pathogens, therefore, have multiple adhesion mechanisms allowing attachment to, for example, epithelial cells [46]. We contend that the physiological mechanisms involved in biofilm formation should be considered in a similar manner,

in that a deficiency in one phenotypic aspect of biofilm formation may be compensated for by other genetic and phenotypic factors. Conclusions Motility makes a positive contribution to biofilm formation in CF isolates of P. aeruginosa, but is not an absolute requirement. It is clear that CF isolates with differing motility phenotypes can act synergistically to form a mixed biofilm. This could give an advantage to bacterial communities as they would possess a greater repertoire of genetic ability, thus allowing them to adapt to different challenges e.g. antibiotic chemotherapy,

host inflammatory responses, etc. Acknowledgements ED was in receipt of a Vice Chancellor’s Research Scholarship from the University of Ulster. ED also gratefully acknowledges receipt of a Society for General Microbiology “”President’s Fund”" award for travel to the CBE, MT, USA. Thanks are due to Dr Graham Hogg (Belfast City Hospital) for providing the P. aeruginosa strains used in this study Montelukast Sodium to and Dr Steven Lowry of the University of Ulster for his assistance with SEM. We thank Prof. Phil Stewart for the hospitality in his laboratory at The Centre for Biofilm Engineering, MT and Ms Betsy Pitts for providing training and assistance with CSLM studies. References 1. Lawrence JR, Horber DR, Hoyle BD, Costerton JW, Caldwell DE: Optical sectioning of microbial biofilms. J Bacteriol 1991, 173:6558–6567.PubMed 2. Nickel JC, Costerton JW: Bacterial localisation in antibiotic-refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis. Prostate 1993, 23:107–114.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare tumor, ranging from 1-3% of all thyroid neoplasms, but is characterized by a very aggressive loco-regional disease, with mortality often related to respiratory failure from infiltration 4SC-202 cost of the tracheal lumen [34]. Indeed, the main indication

for surgery is just palliative decompression and debulking to prevent invasion of larynx, trachea, nerves and vessels of the neck, in the presence of a median survival of 4-5 months from the time of diagnosis [25]. Thyroid lymphoma [35], and leiomyosarcoma [36] are exceptionally described as causes of tracheal obstruction with respiratory distress treated by total or partial thyroidectomy. On the other

hand, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma may, on occasion, cause airway obstruction [37]. The usual treatment of carcinoma invading the trachea is by “”shaving”" the tumor off the trachea, expecting to control residual neoplasm by postoperative radioactive iodine or external irradiations therapies [37, 38]. However, the prognosis for well-differentiated carcinomas worsens when the neoplasm invades the trachea; indeed, the cause of death in nearly half of the fatal cases of papillary carcinomas is caused by obstruction of the trachea [37, 39]. Moreover, the survival rate of patients treated by incomplete resection of the affected trachea is much worse than patients treated by complete resection [40, 41]. For these reasons, with progress www.selleckchem.com/products/LDE225(NVP-LDE225).html in tracheal surgical techniques, resection of portions of the trachea with primary anastomosis en bloc with thyroid Acyl CoA dehydrogenase is nowadays the treatment of choice [40–43]. Four cases (66.7%) in this JNK-IN-8 ic50 reported series were well-differentiated carcinoma. In case 1, 2, and 6 (Hürthle cell, follicular, and medullary carcinomas, respectively), the airway obstruction was determined by the compression but

not by the infiltration of trachea from the thyroid mass, and a comfortable cleavage plain between trachea and thyroid was evident at operation during dissection. For this reason a trachea resection was deemed unnecessary and the long-term disease-free follow up provides proof of the correctness of the surgical decision. In case 4 (thyroid metastasis from renal cancer), however, despite the invasion of the trachea, the staging of a metastatic disease contraindicated resection. Indeed, the patient died 7 months after the operation, due to the disease progress, but without local recurrence. When the respiratory distress is caused by benign thyroid disease, usually the compression ab estrinseco of the trachea is determined by a giant cervical or cervicomediastinal goiters.

2%), Bacteroidetes (86.2%), and Actinobacteria (0.7%). As shown in Figure  3, there was variability in the relative abundance of phyla by subject for Bacteroidetes (p = 0.003), Firmicutes (p = 0.0023), and Actinobacteria MDV3100 solubility dmso (p = 0.0002). For Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, relative abundances from samples stored in any one of the three

unfrozen methods were not statistically different from relative abundances for samples immediately frozen (p > 0.05 for all). Figure 3 Relative abundances of phyla by subject and by collection method. Card (1A-3A), Room Temperature (1B-3B), ZD1839 solubility dmso RNAlater (1C-3C), Frozen (1D-3D). Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were used to test for overall differences using SAS software (version 9.3). Discussion We found no evidence of significant

differences in gut microbial community composition and taxon distributions for storage at room temperature on a fecal occult blood test card or in an Eppendorf tube compared to immediately frozen samples. Not surprisingly, overall microbial diversity varied by subject. We found a decrease in DNA purity for samples collected with RNAlater. Although the effect of collection container has not been previously assessed, our general observation that inter-individual PR-171 price differences in bacterial composition were greater than the differences by collection method is consistent with findings from previous studies. Multiple studies have tested storage durations (up to six months) and storage temperatures ranging from 20°C to −80°C; most studies [4, 15, 16], though not all [17, 18], have found that these fecal collection methods did not significantly influence the gut microbiome P-type ATPase diversity and taxon distribution. Two other studies reported that storage at −20°C for up to 53 days influenced specific taxa, including Bacteroidetes abundance [19] and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes

ratio [20], however, we did not observe these trends in our study. Samples collected with RNAlater had significantly lower DNA purity and tended to show lower microbial diversity. RNAlater is used to stabilize and protect RNA from degradation in tissue during long term storage and has been shown to also be suitable for DNA preservation [21]. However, we observed that fecal samples were very hard to disperse evenly in RNAlater during processing and that DNA purity was lower. Low-quality DNA can interfere with downstream applications including PCR amplification [22], a possible reason for the trend toward reduced Shannon indices. Two studies showed that storage in RNAlater is suitable for PCR amplification of bacterial DNA [5, 6]. While the first study showed that total DNA yields from RNAlater samples were higher compared to refrigeration storage and liquid nitrogen freezing, the impact on Shannon indices was not described [5].

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Y, Zhang WJ, Jie JS, Meng XM, Fan X, Lee ST: Photoresponse properties of CdSe single-nanoribbon photodetectors. Adv Funct Mater 2007, 17:1795–1800.CrossRef 45. Li QH, Gao T, Selleck RG7112 Wang YG, Wang TH: Adsorption and desorption of oxygen probed from ZnO nanowire films by photocurrent measurements. Appl Phys Lett 2005, 86:123117.CrossRef 46. Wu JM, Chen YR, Lin YH: Rapidly synthesized ZnO nanowires by ultraviolet decomposition process in ambient air for flexible AZD1390 clinical trial photodetector. Nanoscale 2011, 3:1053–1058.CrossRef 47. Hasan K, Alvil NH, Lu J, Nur O, Willander M: Single nanowire-based UV photodetectors for fast switching. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011, 6:348.CrossRef 48. Zhang J, Chen R, Xu X, Li D, Sun H, Xiong Q:

Synthesis and optical properties of II–VI 1D nanostructures. Nanoscale 2012, 4:1422.CrossRef 49. Li C, Bando Y, Liao M, Koide Y, Golberg D: Visible-blind deep-ultraviolet Schottky photodetector with a photocurrent gain based on individual Zn 2 GeO 4 nanowire. Appl Phys Lett 2010, 97:161102.CrossRef 50. Das SN, Moon KJ, Kar JP, Choi JH, Xiong J, Lee TI, Myoung JM: ZnO single nanowire-based UV detectors. Appl Phys Lett 2010, 97:022103.CrossRef 51. Hu Y, Zhou J, Yeh PH, Li Z, Wei TY, Wang ZL: Supersensitive, fast-response nanowire sensors by using Schottky contacts. Adv Mater 2010, 22:3327–3332.CrossRef Competing

interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions CHK wrote the manuscript and performed all the experiments and the data analysis. SJL and JMW provided the information and organized the final version of the paper. WCC has produced the FET device. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The optical properties derived Pregnenolone from nanostructured metallo-dielectric composites have attracted worldwide attention both from experimental and theoretical aspects [1–3]. The absorption spectrum of metallic nanoparticles could be attributed to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), i.e., collective oscillations of conduction electrons driven by the incident light field. The SPR frequency depends strongly on the metal composition, structure (solid, hollow, and core shell), size and shape, the dielectric properties of the surrounding medium, and inter-nanoparticle coupling interactions [4–11].

2011BAI08B10), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (11ZR1429300 and 12ZR1424900), the Medical Guiding Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 114119a0800), the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical Engineering Crossover Fund Project (No. YG2011MS47), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,

State Education Ministry, the Fund of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (11 nm0506400 and 11JC1410500), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (for MS and XS). KL thanks the Shanghai Songjiang Medical Climbing Program (2011PD04). LZ thanks the State Scholarship Fund by the China Scholarship Council Quizartinib research buy and Award for the best youth medical scholars of Shanghai First People’s Hospital. XS gratefully acknowledges the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Santander bank for the Chair in Nanotechnology. References 1. Arbab AS, Janic B, Haller J, Pawelczyk E, Liu W, Frank JA: In vivo click here cellular

imaging for translational medical research. Curr Med Imaging Rev 2009, 5:19–38.CrossRef 2. Artemov D, Mori N, Ravi R, Bhujwalla ZM: www.selleckchem.com/products/shp099-dihydrochloride.html magnetic resonance molecular imaging of the HER-2/neu receptor. Cancer Res 2003, 63:2723–2727. 3. Moore A, Medarova Z, Potthast A, Dai G: In vivo targeting of underglycosylated MUC-1 tumor antigen using a multimodal imaging probe. Cancer Res 2004, 64:1821–1827.CrossRef 4. Wang J, Xie J, Zhou X, Cheng Z, Gu N, Teng G, Hu Q, Zhu F, Chang S, Zhang F, Lu G, Chen X: Ferritin enhances SPIO tracking of C6 rat glioma cells by MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2011, 13:87–93.CrossRef 5. Plasmin Arbab AS, Yocum GT, Wilson LB, Parwana A, Jordan EK, Kalish H, Frank JA: Comparison of transfection

agents in forming complexes with ferumoxides, cell labeling efficiency, and cellular viability. Mol Imaging 2004, 3:24–32.CrossRef 6. Zhang Z, Dharmakumar R, Mascheri N, Fan Z, Wu S, Li D: Comparison of superparamagnetic and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide cell labeling for tracking green fluorescent protein gene marker with negative and positive contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Imaging 2009, 8:148–155. 7. Balakumaran A, Pawelczyk E, Ren J, Sworder B, Chaudhry A, Sabatino M, Stroncek D, Frank JA, Robey PG: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles labeling of bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) cells does not affect their “stemness”. PLoS One 2010, 5:e11462.CrossRef 8. Arnold LJ Jr, Dagan A, Gutheil J, Kaplan NO: Antineoplastic activity of poly(L-lysine) with some ascites tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979, 76:3246–3250.CrossRef 9. Xie J, Chen K, Lee H-Y, Xu C, Hsu AR, Peng S, Chen X, Sun S: Ultrasmall c(RGDyK)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their specific targeting to integrin alpha(v)beta3-rich tumor cells.