Learning and memory were evaluated in TS and CO mice after both treatments in the Morris water maze. Donepezil administration did not modify learning and memory

in animals of any genotype. On the other hand, PTZ administration rescued TS performance in the Morris water maze. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this study we employed multiscale entropy (MSE) measurement to assess www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-0332991-palbociclib-isethionate.html the long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) of multifibre renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) signals in conscious and anaesthetized Wistar rats, It was found that both groups presented more complex MSE profiles than an uncorrelated process. Moreover, the results of MSE analysis of RSNA demonstrated that the entropy check details values, derived from the conscious group, increased on small time scales and then stabilized to a relatively constant value, however, the entropy measure, derived from animals with anaesthesia, almost monotonically decreased. The present study shows that while LRTC in the temporal dynamics of energy fluctuations of RSNA does not implicate a unique mechanism, the data for the first time provide evidence of much less temporal correlation in anaesthetized condition. This suggests the fractal properties of underlying dynamical system have been effectively eliminated by anaesthesia. These results demonstrate

that apparently random fluctuations in multifibre RSNA are dictated by a complex deterministic process that imparts “”long-term”" memory to the dynamic system. However, this memory is significantly weakened by anaesthesia.

(c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Antidepressants have been widely used to treat neuropathic pain for many years. However, the mechanisms of their analgesic actions are little known and remain controvertible. Recent studies indicate that cytokines in central nervous system (CNS) play a critical role in the pathological states of pain. The present study was designed to explore the effects and most appropriate dosage of mirtazapine in treating neuropathic pain and its possible neuroimmune mechanisms. L5 spinal nerve Phosphoprotein phosphatase transection was done to produce hyperalgesia in rats. Mirtazapine (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) was orally administered daily for 14 days, beginning from the 5th day after nerve transection. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia was measured using Von-Frey filament and Hargreaves tests before and after the surgery. Rats were then sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14, 21 post-administration. The inflammatory cytokines production such as TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-10 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity in brain was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We found that mirtazapine (20 and 30 mg/kg) can markedly attenuate mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia produced by nerve transection, most significantly on the 14th day.