48 ± 2.35), and the difference was significant with P < 0.05. Livin expression ARN-509 order was inhibited meanwhile Caspas 3 expression was increased after transfection with Livin ASODN Livin immunohistochemistry showed that the majority of tumor cells in the tumor tissues of MSODN injection group were stained dark brown, while the tumor cell nucleus

of ASODN injection group was stained pale yellow and the number of stained cells was small (Fig. 9a, b). Figure 9 Livin and caspase 3 expression level in tumor tissue of nude mice. After injection of Livin ASODN, the Livin expression level in tumor tissue was significantly inhibited (a control group compare b ASOND group) and Caspase 3 expression was significantly increased (c control group compare with d ASOND

group). Caspas 3 immunohistochemical staining showed that the majority of tumor cells in the tumor tissues of ASODN injection group were stained dark brown, while the tumor cell caspas 3 staining of MSODN injection Selleck CRT0066101 group was relatively light, and the number of stained cells was relatively small (Fig. 9c, d). Discussion In recent years, using EST clone containing the BIR sequences, Vucic D, Kasof GM, etc. found Livin–a new member of this gene family in human fetal kidney cDNA library according to the IAPs homologous sequences [12, 13]. Livin produces two kinds of mRNA isomers in the transcription process due to the different ways of splicing. They have 1351 and 1297 base pairs, respectively. In spite of the 54 bp difference in length, properties of these two different mRNAs are exactly the same. The proteins coded by Resveratrol them were 298 and 280 amino acids with the molecular weight of about 33 kD and 30 kD, and were respectively termed as Livin α and Livin β [14]. For normal adults, most tissues do not express Livin at all (except placenta), but in some cancer cell lines such as melanoma cell lines (G361 and SK-Mel29), lymphoma, HaCat cells, and MCF7 breast cancer

cells [14], Livin is highly expressed. In spite of that, Livin was also highly expressed in a number of tumor tissues, such as BV-6 supplier bladder cancer [10], lymphoma [13], lung cancer [15], hepatocellular carcinoma[16], and renal carcinoma[17, 18]. Gazzaniga et al screened the apoptosis-related genes in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tumor tissues, including Livin, Survivin, BCL-X and BCL-2/BAX and so on, and then performed a four-year follow-up visit. Results showed that only Livin was related to bladder cancer recurrence in these genes[10]. The tumor average recurrence time of the patients with positive Livin expression after surgery (3.5 months) was much less than the one of the patients with negative Livin expression (27.2 months). The significant differences of recurrence intervals indicated that Livin expression is a sign of poor prognosis of early superficial bladder cancer and it can be used as indicators for monitoring recurrence of bladder cancer.