Wistar albino rats of either sex were employed in the present study (n = 6). Acute inflammation was induced by subplantar administration of carrageenan TH-302 solubility dmso (1%) in rat hind paw. Chronic inflammation was induced by interscapular

implantation of a sterile cotton pellet (50 mg). ZJ extract as test drug and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) as standard were used. Serum nitrite/nitrate was also estimated to determine the expression of nitric oxide. In the acute study, carrageenan (1%) administration caused marked paw edema. Pretreatment with ZJ extract exhibited marked dose-dependent attenuation in edema compared to control. In the chronic study, interscapular implantation of sterile cotton pellets caused significant granuloma formation after 7 days, serving as control. ZJ extract significantly decreased granuloma tissue formation compared to control. The serum nitrite/nitrate level was significantly increased after 7 days in the control group due to chronic inflammation, but was decreased by ZJ extract. Moreover, phytochemical studies

indicated the presence of jujubosides, flavonoids and terpenes, which may produce the marked anti-inflammatory effect of ZJ fruit in acute and chronic inflammation, possibly β-Nicotinamide solubility dmso by inhibiting nitric oxide expression. The study provides a scientific and ethnopharmacological rationale for the therapeutic use of ZJ fruit as an anti-inflammatory agent.”
“La-2(oO(4))(3) phosphors with various Eu3+ concentrations were prepared via a facile co-precipitation process. The crystal structure and morphology of the phosphors were characterized by Selleck GDC-0994 means of XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope. The crystal unit cell parameters a, b, and c for the monoclinic phase La-2(MoO4)(3) were calculated to be 16.989, 11.927, and 16.086 angstrom, respectively. The average size of the phosphor particles was estimated to be around 88.5 nm. The Huang-Rhys factor was derived from the phonon sideband spectra to be 0.073. The self-generated

quenching process of Eu3+ was explained based on Auzel’s model, and the intrinsic radiative transition lifetime for D-5(0) level was confirmed to be 0.99 ms. A new approach for calculating the Judd-Ofelt parameters was developed, meanwhile the Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega(lambda) (lambda = 2, 4, 6) of Eu3+ in La-2(MoO4)(3) phosphors were confirmed to be 10.70 x 10(-20), 1.07 x 10(-20), and 0.56 x 10(-20) cm(2), respectively. Finally, the optimal doping concentration for achieving maximum emission intensity was confirmed to be 17 mol. % by analyzing the concentration quenching. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3551584]“
“We present a case of ventriculitis and peritonitis in a child with ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which occurred 5 years after the surgery. The infection developed after contact with seawater and began as otitis.