These results are in accordance with previous studies.9 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 19 Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine and suicidal behavior It is known that d-FEN activates 5-HT transmission in the brain by stimulating the release of 5-IIT and byinhibiting the uptake of this amine at the presynaptic level, leading to an increase in the concentration of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft.25 However, at the postsynaptic level, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the exact process by which d-FEN stimulates PRL release remains to be clarified.

It has been suggested that 5-HT1A receptors are involved in PRL secretion,26 whilst some authors have shown a role for the 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C receptors,27 , 28 and little or no role for the 5-HT1A 29 and 5-HT3 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical receptors.30 Finally, others suggest that

both 5-HT1A receptors and 5-HT2A/2C must be occupied by endogenous 5-HT in order to stimulate PRL release.31 Given this pharmacological background, a blunted PRL response to d-FEN may be indicative of a dysfunction of the hypolhalamic-pituitary serotonergic system, ie, a reduced serotonergic tone perhaps secondary to reduced 5-HT presynaptic release, but does not define which serotonin receptor subtypes, at the postsynaptic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical level, are dysregulated. In our study, we found that patients with a recent violent suicide attempt – and high degree of medical damage – have a blunted PRL response to d-FEN, suggesting that 5-HT dysfunction is associated with such suicidal behavior. Moreover, serotonin dysfunction was correlated with the number of

suicide attempts, suggesting that reduced serotonergic function may be indicative of susceptibility to suicidal behavior. In addition, there was a negative correlation between PRL response Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to d-FEN and lethality, suggesting that the lower the level of 5-HT function, the more the depressed patients make suicide attempts over time and the more lethal they are. On the other hand, 5-HT dysfunction was not associated with the core symptoms of depression, which may indicate that decreased 5-HT function is more closely associated with suicide than with depression itself. This hypothesis is supported Liothyronine Sodium by a double-blind randomized study32 that has shown that paroxetine, a serotonergic antidepressant, reduced suicidal behavior in patients with repeated suicide attempts but not suffering from major depression. In addition, our group33 recently found lower d-FEN-induced PRL stimulation in JNK inhibitor nondepressed schizophrenic patients with a history of suicide attempts compared with controls and schizophrenic patients without a history of suicide attempts. Taken together, these data suggest that serotonergic dysfunction is associated with suicidal behavior independently of nosological status. Growth hormone response to clonidine and anxiety The blunted GH response to CLO is well documented in depression.