The microlatex particle size of two surfactant systems increased with higher conversion rate and reaction temperature, which synchronized with initiator concentration. High polymer solid content was contributed mainly by IBMA monomer ratio requiring higher amounts of anionic surfactants and 2-HEMA as a cosurfactant in particle stabilization. Although the optimum ink containing high IBMA microemulsion exhibited small variation in viscosity, pH value and Selleck AZD7762 surface tension, disperse dyes in four colors had different interaction with the microlatex to demonstrate

distinct printing durability and color performance. The resulted cotton fabric attained high K/S value for color strength, great AATCC grade for color fastness, and nearly zero color difference for negative dye particle diffusion or migration. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1872-1881, 2011″
“The effect of Si-nanocrystal (Si-nc) size distribution on Raman spectrum is studied in detail within the framework of a phonon confinement model. It is found that size distribution has little effect on Raman frequency shift, but greatly affects the width and shape of Raman spectrum. Si-nc Raman spectrum can be well explained by considering the size distribution. Furthermore, a set of simple

relationships between Raman frequency Selleck Vactosertib shift/full width at half maximum (FWHM) and size distribution is set up based on the framework of a modified phonon confinement model, which can be applied to calculate Si-nc size distribution from the Raman spectrum. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3569888]“
“To QNZ supplier compare two kind of resin-based dental composites, the polymerization shrinkage,

contraction stress (CS), and degree of conversion (DC) of four dimethacrylate-based and one silorane-based composite were investigated. To determine shrinkage, the composites were packed, respectively, into a cylindrical cavity in human teeth and imaged using X-ray microcomputed tomography to determine the precise volume before and 30 min after photopolymerization. To determine CS, the sample was applied in a similarly sized cylinder in a universal testing machine and monitored for 30 min. FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine DC. The volumetric shrinkage (range: 1.1-3.1%) and maximum CS (range: 1.2-3.5 MPa) differed significantly among the tested composites but not the final DC (range: 62.3-69.1%). The silorane-based composite displayed the lowest volumetric shrinkage and CS of all composites. No correlation was observed between the stress and volumetric shrinkage values of the dimethacrylate-based composites. A moderate correlation was found between stress and DC (r = 0.836), which was significant at 20 and 40 s.