Similar to other filamentous ascomycetes, one putative GPCR grouping to this class was identified in each of the three Trichoderma species. Whereas the respective proteins of both T. atroviride and T. reesei exhibit the typical see more structure with 7 transmembrane domains

and the long C-terminal tail, the T. virens homologue (Trive179509) only exhibits 6 transmembrane regions. PTH11-Related proteins of Trichoderma The PTH11 receptor was first identified in M. grisea, where it is required for host surface recognition and pathogenicity [37]. PTH11 has an extracellular amino-terminal CFEM domain followed by seven transmembrane regions and PTH11-related proteins are restricted to fungi belonging to the subphylum Pezizomycotina [14]. In both the mycoparasitic Trichoderma species as well as T. reesei[38, 39], the number CB-839 price of identified PTH11-like proteins was higher than in the saprophyte N. crassa (25 members) but lower than in the plant pathogens M. grisea (61 members) and F. graminearum (106 members) [2, 14]. Similar AG-120 to the above mentioned fungi, only a subset of the identified Trichoderma proteins contained the fungal-specific cysteine-rich CFEM (pfam05730) domain (Figure 5, Additional file 2), which is characteristically present in the extracellular region of some membrane proteins with

proposed roles in fungal pathogenicity. Compared to T. atroviride (38 members) and T. reesei (35 members), we found a marked expansion of PTH11-related proteins in T. virens (52 members). Figure 5 Neighbor-joining tree of PTH11-related proteins identified in the genomes of the three Trichoderma species. The clade containing proteins with a CFEM domain is marked with a black line. Nodes supported with bootstrap values above 70% (1000 repetitions) are indicated with a black dot, nodes with bootstrap values between 50 -70% are indicated with a grey dot, bootstrap values

less than 50% were removed. Additional putative GPCRs of Trichoderma which are beyond the existing classification system of fungal GPCRs (class XIII) Recently, a putative GPCR of Phytophtora sojae (GPR11) controlling zoospore development and virulence of P. sojae to soybean has been described selleck inhibitor [35]. Performing a BLASTP search with GPR11 as a query against the proteomes of T. atroviride, T. virens, T. reesei, and those of N. crassa, M. grisea, and A. fumigatus revealed respective orthologues in all fungi tested. Whereas in T. atroviride three proteins were identified (Table 1), T. reesei and T. virens as well as the other ascomycetes possess two members each. All putative Trichoderma GPCRs identified this way have a DUF300 domain (domain of unknown function, pfam03619). Such a domain is also present in e.g. the class A GPCRs Cand9 and Cand10 of Arabidopsis thaliana[61] and P. sojae GPR11.