Results: 42% of clinics responded (216 of 518). The median annual clinic budget was $145,000, with 1% to 20% spent on medications. Of responding clinics, 30% had a licensed pharmacy
that was staffed on average by 3.4 pharmacist volunteers and 0.1 pharmacist employees. Of the 83.5% (177 of 212) that dispensed drugs, clinics filled 67 prescriptions per day with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and anti-infective agents as top classes. Pharmacy personnel provided mainly traditional (e. g., distributive) services (61.1%), and 19.3% of clinics trained student pharmacists. Since 2001, the number of clinics (355 vs. 518) and prescriptions dispensed (29 vs. 67 per day) increased but the percentage with a licensed pharmacy (33% vs. 30%) and mean number of pharmacist volunteers/employees see more (3.8/0.1 vs. 3.4/0.1) remained constant.
Conclusion: The model of free clinic pharmacy services is a modified community practice. Pharmacy personnel have the opportunity to expand their MI-503 cost role and pharmacy practice in free clinics.”
“Objective: To compare earlier (sustainers) and later (new)
adopters in terms of pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination services and to identify how sustainers modified their in-house vaccination services over time.
Design: Nonexperimental multistage study.
Setting: Washington State during 2003, 2004, and 2006-2007.
Participants: Community pharmacies included in this study’s analyses must have participated in all data collection stages and provided in-house vaccination Galunisertib manufacturer services during the third stage. Based on key informants’ self-reports, those who had provided in-house services before or since 2003 were sustainers and those who started their services after 2004 were new adopters.
Intervention: Mixed-mode survey.
Main outcome measures: Pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination
services offered in 2003 and 2006 were measured in terms of service accessibility, scope, and supportive personnel.
Results: A total of 37 sustainers and 27 new adopters met the inclusion criteria. The majority of independent and supermarket pharmacies were sustainers, whereas the majority of chain and mass merchant pharmacies were new adopters. In-house services offered by sustainers were broader in service accessibility and scope and involved a greater number of pharmacists trained in immunization delivery than services offered by new adopters in the same year. Further, when comparing sustainers’ in-house services offered in 2003 and 2006, the 2006 services were expanded to provide year-round services, involved a greater number of settings, included services to adolescents, and involved a greater number of trained pharmacists.
Conclusion: Community pharmacies started their in-house vaccination services on a small scale and later expanded to a larger scale.