Overall, vaccine-related reactions were observed in 52.0% (833/1,601, 4,581 events) in those who received the ChimeriVax™-JE vaccine compared to placebo, 50.6% (204/403, 945 events)

[5]. Systemic upset with fever, irritability and localized injection site reactions were the commonest adverse reactions and the reactogenicity of AZD2014 ChimeriVax™-JE was similar to that of a comparator hepatitis A vaccine, Avaxim® 80U (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) [51]. Low-level viremia was ARRY-438162 detected in 5 of 300 children, all of who were asymptomatic [47]. Short-lived low-level asymptomatic viremia was also seen in some vaccinated adults with a mean peak viraemia 6.6 pfu/ml, a level not expected to cause adverse environmental impact on transmission in mosquito vectors. Conclusion Recent years have seen considerable progress in the refinement VS-4718 purchase of safe and effective vaccines against JE. There are three vaccines with good immunogenicity profile for adults and children, suitable for those in both JE-endemic and non-endemic regions, and which can be integrated into the existing childhood vaccination programs. The novel recombinant chimeric live vaccine, ChimeriVax™-JE, has been shown to be highly immunogenic in both adults and children, with a durable neutralizing antibody titers and robust

anamnestic response. Acknowledgments Prior to the peer review process, the manufacturer of the ID-8 agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Minor changes

resulting from comments received were made by the author based on their scientific and editorial merit. Dr. Torresi is the guarantor for this article, and takes responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole. Conflict of interest Dr. Chin declares no conflict of interest. Dr. Torresi has received an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. Compliance with ethics guidelines The analysis in this article is based on previously conducted studies, and does not involve any new studies of human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. References 1. Dickerson RB, Newton JR, Hansen JE. Diagnosis and immediate prognosis of Japanese B encephalitis; observations based on more than 200 patients with detailed analysis of 65 serologically confirmed cases. Am J Med. 1952;12(3):277–88.PubMedCrossRef 2. Kumar R, Mathur A, Singh KB, Sitholey P, Prasad M, Shukla R, et al. Clinical sequelae of Japanese encephalitis in children. Indian J Med Res. 1993;97:9–13.PubMed 3. Tauber E, Kollaritsch H, von Sonnenburg F, Lademann M, Jilma B, Firbas C, et al.