Moreover, mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and then immediately subcutaneously administered with blank microspheres, colistin microspheres AZD7762 Cell Cycle inhibitor or colistin sulfate alone. The levels of endotoxin in the sera and cytokine in the spleens were then measured. A significant reduction
in the serum endotoxin level in the colistin microspheres group was observed at 24 h. The reduced endotoxin levels in the sera were correlated with the lower cytokine levels in the spleens of mice treated with colistin microspheres. Our results suggest that the use of colistin microspheres may help to maintain a higher colistin concentration in blood, reduce the levels of endotoxin and cytokines in endotoxin-induced sepsis, and lead to decreased toxicity.”
“The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for bacteremia by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Retrospective case-control study performed in a 450-bed acute care academic tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Cases included 53 patients with ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia, and 159 controls with non-ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Controls were matched in a 3:1 ratio to case patients according to
species of infecting organism, age, and severity of illness in the 24-48h before blood sample collection for culture calculated by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) system. Previous antimicrobials STI571 were
more frequently administered to cases than to controls (56.5% MEK162 supplier vs 17%, p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that the number (>2) of different families of antimicrobials received within 90 days before bloodstream infection was the only predictor of ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae in blood culture (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.35-3.88, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Previous use of different families of antimicrobials (more than two) in patients with bloodstream infection caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae increased the risk for ESBL-producing strains.”
“BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in one of every 1,000 individuals per year. Various inherited and acquired risk factors are known. We investigated the importance of oral contraceptives (OCs) as a risk factor in women of child-bearing age.
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk factors for DVT in a female patient collective.
METHODS We analyzed the records of 99 women aged 18 to 50 with DVT. We documented age, identifiable risk factor of DVT, location of the thrombus, use of OCs, and thrombophilia.
RESULTS 52.5% of patients suffering from DVT were aged between 40-50 years. Forty-six patients had an unprovoked DVT; the most common risk factor was immobilization in 41. Thrombophilia was found in 18 cases. Twenty-nine patients used OCs; no influence of OCs on any of the other risk factors was found.