Kidney International (2012) 82, 100-105; doi:10.1038/ki.2012.77; published online 28 March 2012″
“It is generally believed that the development of neuropathic pain primarily results from injuries to sensory afferent fibers. Recent studies found that injuries to the motor efferent fibers (e. g. ventral root transection) also contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. click here Furthermore, an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis has been found in the ventral root transection model, suggesting a possible role of BDNF in this model. To determine

the role of BDNF, we observed the effects of intrathecal antibody against BDNF treatment on ventral root transection-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli were measured before and after surgery. The results showed that ventral root transection in rats produced a significant, lasting decrease of mechanical withdrawal thresholds, presenting the development of mechanical hyperalgesia. Intrathecal antibody against BDNF treatment markedly inhibited ventral root transection-induced

mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-related manner. The findings suggest that BDNF-mediated signaling pathway within spinal cord may be involved in the development of neuropathic pain involving injuries to motor efferent fibers. NeuroReport 24:167-170 (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. NeuroReport 2013, 24: 167-170″
“Objective: Despite clozapine’s unique effectiveness BIBW2992 in patients with schizophrenia, a number of adverse effects have been recognised including abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolisms. A high clozapine level in red blood cells (RBCs) and disturbed anti-oxidant enzyme activities in blood from schizophrenic patients prompted check details us to investigate lipid status and anti-oxidant enzyme defence in the blood of chronic schizophrenic patients on long-term clozapine therapy.

Methods: Plasma lipids,

RBC anti-oxidant enzyme activities and haemoglobin (Hb) content were measured using established procedures in a group of eighteen chronically-medicated (average 630 days of therapy) schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine (average dose of 295 mg/day) and data were compared with those from a group of eighteen well-matched normal controls.

Results: Significantly higher levels of plasma triglycerides (by 47%, p<0.01) and total cholesterol and phospholipids (by 8% and 11%, respectively p<0.05) in patients were found. CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity was markedly higher (by 35%, p<0.001) while selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px1) activity was markedly lower (by 41%, p<0.001) in patients. In addition, metHb and HbA1c levels in patients were significantly higher (by 58% and 25%. respectively p<0.