However, the D:A:D study reported

a marginally significant interaction between moderate/high risk of MI and recent use of abacavir, but adjusted RRs for different categories of underlying Selleckchem Cyclopamine risk have not yet been published [4]. Also, it is outside the scope of the present study to incorporate different RRs according to the underlying risk for CVD. Recent findings from a joint analysis of SMART/INSIGHT and D:A:D led to the recommendation that this relationship be further clarified before being taken into consideration in clinical practice [5]. Finally, recent results suggest that there might be an additional very small cumulative effect of the risk of MI with abacavir exposure [54,55]. This effect, in our opinion, will not change the principal relationship between NNH and the underlying risk of MI. In conclusion, using NNH, we have illustrated that it is possible to increase the number of patients that may safely be treated with a drug that is associated with an increased risk of MI by

appropriate management of underlying modifiable traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The NNH, along with underlying risk, may also serve to identify patients who are at a high risk of an MI and where risk-lowering R428 in vivo methods are either not relevant or insufficient. Conflict of interest statement: No member of the writing group for this publication has any financial or personal conflicts of interest in relation to this work. “
“The aim of the study was to evaluate the interleukin-17 (IL-17) plasma level in HIV-1-infected patients and its relation to central obesity. Eighty-four HIV-1-infected patients [42 with visceral obesity (group A) and 42 without visceral obesity (group B)] and 46 HIV-negative subjects [23 with visceral obesity

(group C) and 23 without visceral obesity (group D)] were enrolled in the study. Sonographic measurements of perirenal fat diameter/body mass index (PRFD/BMI) were used to assess visceral adipose tissue thickness. HIV-1-infected patients had higher plasma levels of IL-17 than HIV-negative subjects [837.8 ± 260 pg/mL (mean ± standard deviation) vs. 395.3 ± 138.6 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001]. Furthermore, Y-27632 2HCl HIV-1-infected patients with a diagnosis of visceral obesity had lower levels of IL-17 than HIV-infected lean patients (756.9 ± 282.9 pg/mL vs. 918.7 ± 208.4 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). IL-17 (r = −0.21; P = 0.03) and waist circumference (r = 0.48; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with visceral adipose tissue thickness. A negative correlation of IL-17 (r = −0.23; P < 0.001) with PRFD/BMI was found. This study suggests a linear negative association between IL-17 and visceral adipose tissue thickness. Increased visceral adipose tissue and lipodystrophy are commonly seen in HIV infection and are related to antiretroviral therapy.