Further, lupus neutrophils – and, in particular, an aberrant subset called low-density granulocytes – have an increased propensity to undergo NETosis. Both interferon alpha (IFN alpha) and immune complexes are potential triggers of enhanced NETosis in lupus patients.
Summary
NETs
are a potent stimulus for IFNa release by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and, as such, may play an important role in propagation of the lupus phenotype. NETs can also directly damage tissues – including the endothelium – with implications for lupus nephritis and accelerated atherosclerosis. Whether aberrant NETosis is sufficient to trigger systemic lupus erythematosus, and whether inhibition of NETosis can ameliorate clinical manifestations of lupus,
are open questions, and will selleckchem be exciting topics of future research.”
“Previous studies have demonstrated the selleck products benefits of cell seeding in the construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG). However, seeding methods are diverse and no method is clearly superior in either promoting seeding efficiency or improving long-term graft function. As we head into an era during which a variety of different TEVG are under investigation in clinical trials around the world, it is important to consider the regulatory issues surrounding the translation of these technologies. In this review, we summarize important advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, click here with particular attention on cell-seeding techniques for TEVG development and special emphasis placed on regulatory issues concerning the clinical translation of these various
methods.”
“Purpose of review
Last year was marked by important clinical and mechanistic studies that improved our understanding of B-cell immunotherapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren’s syndrome. Here, we will highlight the most relevant studies published in the last 18 months.
Recent findings
The highlight of the year was the approval of belimumab on the basis of two major trials. On the flip side, the disappointing results of rituximab in lupus nephritis provided a clinical and mechanistic counterpoint in SLE. Still, major limitations in the LUpus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab (LUNAR) trial, positive subset analysis and new open studies and registries continue to provide hope for and major insights into the use of B-cell depletion. In Sjogren’s syndrome, the role of B-cell depletion has been further investigated, both for glandular and extraglandular manifestations of the disease with mixed results in a disease in which outcomes are notoriously hard to measure.