This process lowers surgery time and could possibly reduce steadily the occurrence of hemorrhagic and infectious problems. The benefits of one method or another are increasingly being discussed. There were 31 articles devoted to asleep DBS of STN including 4 meta-analyses, 3 prospective managed studies, 13 retrospective managed studies and 11 studies without a control group.Asleep implantation of electrodes for DBS of STN can be performed just after an obvious imaging of STN boundaries with high-quality MRI.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects about 50 million individuals in the field each year processing of Chinese herb medicine . Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is an important problem LXH254 of TBI of every severity. PTE does occur in 20% of clients with TBI. Treatment of customers with PTE is very hard due to apparent propensity towards medication resistance. Presently, there are not any validated predictive biomarkers for PTE. Improvement a method of validated predictive markers would enhance PTE prediction high quality and healing method for those patients. This analysis is specialized in the present data in the most perspective predictive biomarkers of PTE for clinical practice.Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Within these clients, melanin-like compounds as the final services and products of impaired k-calorie burning of homogentisic acid are deposited primarily in connective tissue, including cartilage tissue of intervertebral disks. Similar to various other degenerative spine diseases, lumbar segment is actually damaged. The authors report a 67-year-old patient with alkaptonuria. Compression of cauda equina by wrecked cartilage public of intervertebral discs and spine ligaments with deposits of ochronotic pigment is described. Previously identified alkaptonuria in this client was confirmed by surgical results (black coloration) and histological data.Arachnoid cysts (AC) are rooms with cerebrospinal substance covered with arachnoid membrane. Most cysts are supratentorial and just 10-12% of ACs are observed in posterior cranial fossa. This disease is generally diagnosed in childhood. In adults, ACs comprise 1.4% of all of the focal lesions. ACs of posterior cranial fossa are often localized behind the cerebellum or in cerebellopontine direction. Many clients with cysts would not have permanent signs Prebiotic activity and may be followed-up. Surgical treatment is indicated for cysts complicated by focal and hydrocephalic-hypertension signs. Microsurgical or endoscopic treatments are utilized. Surgical method is dependent upon the nearest location of cyst to brain area. The authors report non-standard surgical approach for huge AC of posterior cranial fossa difficult by obstructive hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension and visual function disability. Endoscopic 3rd ventriculostomy was accompanied by AC fenestration through ventriculostomy. Symptoms disappeared within 6 months after surgery.There are not any literary works data on brainstem arachnoid cysts in humans. To explain the clinical instance of brainstem (pontomesencephalic) arachnoid cyst also to analyze category, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this pathology thinking about literature data and own knowledge. A 29-year-old patient with pontomesencephalic arachnoid cyst is reported. The condition manifested in childhood with a headache annoyed by bending and pressing. Later on, syncope, vegetative-visceral paroxysms, mild oculomotor disturbances, transient paresthesia and numbness regarding the left half of the face happened. Problems became much more severe and resulted nausea and nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a two-chambered arachnoid cyst. A smaller sized chamber had been localized in interpeduncular cistern, a more substantial one – in brainstem. Differential diagnosis included cystic glioma and Virchow-Robin area enhancement. Fenestration of this cyst wall within interpeduncular cistern had been carried out via right-sided pterional method. The diagnosis ended up being confirmed by histological assessment. The follow-up period ended up being 14 months. We observed postoperative cyst reduction confirmed by MR information and regression of all symptoms with the exception of minimal signs of medial longitudinal fasciculus dysfunction. Correct medical method for brainstem arachnoid cyst complicated by modern neurologic deterioration is verified by postoperative regression of cyst and signs.Proper surgical approach for brainstem arachnoid cyst difficult by modern neurological deterioration is confirmed by postoperative regression of cyst and symptoms.Chronic subdural hematomas (CSH) typically require surgical evacuation via a burr opening or craniotomy. Certain occurrence of recurrent postoperative CSH is well known. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is called an alternative surgery for new or recurrent CSH or as a preventive measure to cut back the risk of postoperative recurrence. The authors report effective MMA embolization with 2 non-adhesive embolic representatives of varied viscosities (SQUID 12 and SQUID 18, Balt United States Of America, Irvine, CA, United States Of America) for recurrent postoperative CSH in a 44-year-old woman.Middle meningeal artery embolization as main way of treatment of chronic subdural hematomas became a lot more popular in past decade. You will find few large situation sets (>150 patients) and literature reviews characterizing advantages and disadvantages of endovascular therapy and technical attributes of surgeries. In this manuscript, the authors report 11 clients with chronic subdural hematoma scheduled for middle meningeal artery embolization and review the literature data with this issue.Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by persistent recurrent course despite surgical, radio- and chemotherapeutic therapy. The outcome of superselective intra-arterial administration of bevacizumab with blood-brain buffer interruption in patients with recurrent glioblastoma have been published. The writers reported considerable escalation in overall success (up to 2.5 many years). We report remedy for recurrent glioblastoma in a young client with progressive span of illness despite 4 previous neurosurgical treatments, radiotherapy and first-line chemotherapy. Superselective intra-arterial administration of bevacizumab with blood-brain buffer interruption caused it to be feasible to realize medical reaction and improve neurological condition.