All the results of SB525334 molecular weight the lymphoproliferation assay – all patients and all antigens – are showed in Figure 3. These results were compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The difference between “”D-7″” and “”D 14″” was not significant (p = 0.135). However, the difference was significant between “”D -7″” and “”D 28″” (p = 0.005) and between “”D -7″” and “”D 43″” (p = 0.002). Figure 3 Immunological

response. Lymphoproliferation’s results from all patients and all antigens were compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. “”D -7″” (Median = 1.33; Min = 0.81; Max = 3.59); “”D 14″” (Median = 1.42; Min = 0.44; Max = 7.90); “”D 28″” (Median = 2.86; Min = 1.13; Max = 4.68); “”D 43″” (Median 2.13; Min = 0.72; Max = 4.10). The difference was significant between “”D -7″” and “”D 28″” (*p = 0.005) and “”D-7″” and “”D-43″” (**p = 0.002). Clinical outcomes The clinical follow-up was available for all individuals for a minimum of 8.5 months from the diagnosis and almost 3 months from de second dose of immunotherapy. Data are presented in Table 1. Two individuals had partial response to the conventional therapy, while three had a stable disease. All of them received

chemotherapy and those three were submitted to radiotherapy as well. Patient #2 underwent immunotherapy previous to the radiotherapy. Selleck Vemurafenib From the last dose of the vaccine, the time to the disease progression and survival ranged between 1 to 82 and 82 to 277 days, respectively. One day after immunotherapy, the Patient # 4 presented worsening of the cough accompanied by progressive dyspnea. The follow up showed progressive disease on the

radiologic exams. Discussion Despite the developments on chemo and radiotherapy, the 5 year survival rate improved only 3% (13 to 16.2%) between 1975 and 2002[10]. This fact occurs mainly because there is not an efficient screening method for the early diagnosis and it also shows that new therapeutic modalities are necessary. MRIP Based on the antigen specificity of the immune system and the safety profile of cancer vaccines, the effective immunotherapy would be an ideal adjuvant, following initial clinical responses to definitive therapy[11]. The antigen-presenting cells, like dendritic cells, play an important role in the induction of an immune response, and an imbalance in the proportion of macrophages, immature and mature dendritic cells within the tumor could significantly affect the immune response to cancer [4].