A total of 55 women were excluded due to low self-reported http://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html adherence to taking NRT (<80% adherence) and 23 women did not have a before and after cotinine measurement to compare and subsequently were excluded. This left a sample size of 33 women. Participant characteristics are presented using the median and interquartile ranges (IQRs) for the eligible 33 participants (Table 1). The participants were White British women, with the exception of one participant who was from an Asian/other background. They were on average 26 years old at recruitment. Most (67%) smoked 5�C10 cigarettes/day prior to beginning the trial. All participants were in the second trimester of pregnancy at recruitment with the median gestational age being 14.4 weeks.

We looked at how many of our sample stopped smoking in the SNAP trial, and nine participants (27%) were validated as abstinent from smoking at delivery. Table 1. Participant Characteristics The median cotinine level for participants while smoking at baseline was 98.5ng/ml (IQR 71.3�C177.8) and while abstinent and using NRT at 1 month was 62.8ng/ml (IQR 33.3�C82.7). There was a significant reduction in cotinine levels between baseline when smoking and 1 month while using NRT (median difference ?54.2ng/ml, [95% CI = ?70.5 to ?25.5ng/ml], p = .045). The majority of participants had cotinine levels at 1 month, which were lower than their levels at baseline (n = 27); six participants had cotinine levels at 1 month, which were higher than baseline. Of the 33 participants, 17 participants reported no smoking at all between their quit date and 1-month follow up, and the remaining 16 participants reported smoking five times or less.

Six of the 16 participants reported smoking a cigarette in the 24hr before their 1-month visit. We performed sensitivity analysis on the 27 women who had not smoked in the previous 24hr before the 1-month visit; the median difference in cotinine levels in this group was similar to that of the whole group ?46.6ng/ml (95% CI = ?125 to ?24.1ng/ml). We found a significant, positive correlation between baseline and 1-month cotinine levels, Spearman correlation coefficient �� 0.35 (p = .04). Although the association was weak, it suggests that participants with the highest baseline levels in the study also tended to have higher 1 month levels.

However, the scatter plot (Figure 1) shows that for the majority of participants (n = 27), cotinine levels at 1 month were lower than at baseline. The scatter plot also demonstrates that participants in the highest range of baseline cotinine levels appear to have the greatest reduction in 1-month cotinine levels. Entinostat This is most noticeable among participants with baseline cotinine levels more than 150ng/ml (n = 9); these participants had a greater reduction in median cotinine levels (median difference ?134.8ng/ml [95% CI = ?144.5 to ?125.