Background A common complaint after endotracheal intubation www.selleckchem.com/products/Axitinib.html is sore throat and hoarseness. The aim of this study was to describe gender differences and independent risk factors in the development of post-operative sore throat and hoarseness after endotracheal intubation in adults. Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. A total of 495 patients were included (203 men and 292 women) and enrolled from a total of eight different surgical departments. Outcome variables were post-operative sore throat and hoarseness evaluated post-operatively in the post-anaesthesia care unit. A total of 31 variables were recorded which described the intubation process, intraoperative factors as well as the extubation process.

Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results The overall incidence of post-operative sore throat was 35% and hoarseness 59%. The results show different predictors for men and women in the development of airway symptoms. The main risk factor for developing sore throat in men was intubation by personnel with <?3 months’ work experience. In women, it was endotracheal tube size 7.0 and multiple laryngoscopies during intubation. The main risk factors for hoarseness were cuff pressure for both men and women, and oesophageal temperature probe in women. Conclusion Post-operative sore throat and hoarseness result from several factors, and the cause of these symptoms are multifactorial and differs by gender.

Identification of these factors pre-operatively may increase awareness among anaesthesia personnel and possibly reduce the incidence of these minor but distressing symptoms.
Background Post-operative sore throat (POST) has increasingly been a common clinical complication particularly in thyroid surgery. We conducted a trial to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological [smaller-sized endotracheal tube (ETT)] combined with pharmacological intervention [lidocaine intravenous (i.v.)] on POST in women undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods Two hundred and forty patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, ETT size 7.0 with saline; Group B, ETT size 6.0 with saline; Group C, ETT size 7.0 with lidocaine; Group D, ETT size 6.0 with lidocaine. Patients in Groups C and D received i.v. 1.

5?mg/kg lidocaine that was Dacomitinib filled in syringe up to 10?ml 5?min before induction of anaesthesia; whereas patients in Groups A and B received an equal volume of saline. The incidence and severity of POST were evaluated at 1, 6 and 24?h after tracheal Bicalutamide molecular weight extubation. Results The highest incidence of POST occurred at 6?h after extubation in all groups. The incidence of POST was significantly lower in Group D compared with Groups A (23% vs. 62%, P?<?0.01), B (23% vs. 42%, P?=?0.03) and C (23% vs.