5). Family screening for ATTR revealed that his son had the same mutation but that his three daughters

did not (Fig. 5); his son had no symptoms and normal echocardiographic findings. The patient is being treated by continued symptomatic care and is being regularly followed. Fig. 5 Transthyretin gene analysis in the patient and his offspring (A: patient, B: learn more daughter 1, C: daughter 2, D: daughter 3, E: son). A: The patient was diagnosed as transthyretin Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical amyloidosis (ATTR) variant Asp38Ala. E: The patient’s offspring were screening … Discussion This report describes a case of cardiac amyloidosis of ATTR variant Asp38Ala with systemic amyloid deposition in multiple organs and tissues in a Korean family. The distribution of amyloid deposition in the heart and colonic

mucosa with a clinical presentation of polyneuropathy may be a characteristic feature of ATTR Asp38Ala. To our knowledge, this is the first case Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical report of ATTR Asp38Ala in a Korean. In addition, according to the largest series of electrocardiography findings in cardiac amyloidosis, the two main ECG abnormalities were the presence of low voltage Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and a pseudo-infarct pattern in 46% and 47% of patients, respectively.11) However, the present case had no abnormal electrocardiographic findings. As mentioned in the Introduction, genetic mutations in the TTR gene lead to heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Of these mutations, ATTR Val30Met (valine to methionine at amino acid 30) is the most common.12) The characteristic presentation of endemic Val30Met comprises sensorimotor polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy, but cardiomyopathy is rare. Amyloid deposition in ATTR Val30Met is localized to the subendocardial area including the conduction system, and thus, various types of conduction block frequently appear, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical which require pacemaker implantation.4),13-18) On the other Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hand, ATTR Asp38Ala is clinically characterized by progressive cardiac dysfunction,

and peripheral somatic and autonomic neuropathy.19-21) Yazak et al.19) reported postmortem findings for two ATTR Asp38Ala cases, in which amyloid deposition was observed extensively in myocardium, peripheral nerves, sympathetic ganglia, and in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, pulmonary parenchyma was also diffusely involved in their cases. Tachibana et al.20) presented another case of ATTR Asp38Ala. The patient presented progressive dysesthesia in her legs, and subsequently, leg weakness, severe diarrhea, and shortness of breath gradually appeared with cardiac dysfunctions, tuclazepam which included ventricular wall thickened and reduced fractional shortening on the echocardiogram. However, in the present case, cardiac symptoms were not prominent and pulmonary involvement was absent. In the previous cases, the symptom onset in ATTR Asp38Ala occurred at an older age than in our patient. Furthermore, peripheral nervous and gastrointestinal symptoms preceded cardiac symptoms, which led to progressive heart failure.