4% on the second day, 3.6% on the third day, 1% on the fourth day, and 1% between days 5 to 14 of vaccination (figure 1). Figure 1 Times of the presentation of the symptoms. Local reactions were mainly mild and lasted for 1 or 2 days. Also, 56.3% of the adverse symptoms lasted for less than 24 hours, 36.8% of the symptoms lasted for less than 2 days, 5% lasted beyond 2 days but less than 3 days, and approximately 1.9% lasted for 4 days. Overall, 98.1% of the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical health care workers improved within 3 days (figure 2). Figure 2 Duration of the symptoms. Discussion In our study, the most frequent local reactions (affecting 30-43% of the participants) were
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conduct normal daily Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical activities. Most studies have found a low incidence of local adverse reactions (up to 20%) to influenza vaccination. The results of a report by American Center for Diseases Control indicated that in general, the most common local adverse event was hypersensitivity of the injection site (15.8%), followed by rash (11.0%) and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical edema of the injection site (10.8%). At least one of these adverse events was present in 74.2% of all the reports by Vaccine Adverse Event Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Reporting System.7 In several studies among adults, the most frequent side effect of vaccination was soreness at the vaccination site (affecting 10-64% of patients).1,9
In our study, local adverse events were encountered more often than expected. Because the health care workers received the questionnaires before vaccination, they were focusing on side effects during the first 48 hours and may have overreported the side effects. Another reason may be that a great proportion of the workers had no history of influenza vaccination and lacked immunity to influenza. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Among adults vaccinated in consecutive years, frequencies of adverse effects decreased in the second year of vaccination.10 Fever occurred in fewer individuals compared with the cases reported by the American CDC (7.9% vs. 25.8%).7 Etomidate Systemic symptoms, including fever, malaise, and myalgia most often affect people (e.g., infants) with no prior exposure to influenza virus antigens.11 Such reactions usually begin 6-12 hours after vaccination and can persist for 1-2 days. In a controlled trial, only body aches (25.1%) were more frequently reported after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine compared with placebo injections (20.8%).12 Another placebo-controlled trial showed that among healthy adults, administration of split-virus influenza vaccine was associated with significant higher rates of myalgias, arthralgias, fever, and fatigue compared with placebo injections. However the majority of the events were mild.
