2006). Then, isotropic Gaussian smoothing with 12-mm full-width at half maximum was performed. Image analysis Data were analyzed also using SPM2 program. The SPM2 combines the general linear model and the theory of

Gaussian fields to make statistical inferences about regional effects (Friston et al. 1991, 1994). To examine changes in brain glucose metabolism during the 12 weeks without telmisartan, regionally specific differences between the first and second Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical FDG-PET were statistically assessed using a two-tailed paired contrast testing for a decreased probability of glucose metabolism. Then to examine regionally specific differences in glucose metabolism between the two conditions, with and without telmisartan, the first, second, and third FDG-PET were statistically assessed. A two-tailed contrast testing was used for an increased or decreased probability (multiple subjects with different conditions in SPM2). To exclude Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical time effect in voxel intensity across three scans, the term days was included as a nuisance covariate. The analysis was performed with normalization of global glucose metabolism for each subject to the same mean value with proportional scaling to compare two conditions regarding relative FDG distribution. The gray matter threshold was Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical set to 0.8. The Trichostatin A manufacturer resulting set of values for each contrast constituted

a statistical parametric map of the t statistic SPM t. The SPM Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical t maps were then transformed to the units of normal distribution (SPM Z), and height threshold was set to P = 0.005 uncorrected for multiple comparisons with extent threshold to 100 new post voxels. These areas of significance were visualized as overlaid on a normalized MR image to obtain a clear view of the location of the

glucose metabolism changes. Results MMSE scores and BP are listed in Table 1. No significant changes in Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical MMSE scores were observed during the time course. SBP declined significantly from the first to third and from the second to third FDG-PET. DBP declined significantly from the first to third FDG-PET. Table 1 Subjects’ background, blood pressure, and cognitive state Glucose metabolism was significantly Anacetrapib decreased during the first 12 weeks without telmisartan at an area (−10, 21, −22, x, y, z; Z = 3.56) caudal to the left rectal gyrus and the olfactory sulcus corresponding to the left olfactory tract (Fig. 2). Figure 2 Statistically significant decrease of glucose metabolism from the first to second FDG-PET studies in an area caudal to the left rectal gyrus and the olfactory sulcus corresponding to the left olfactory tract (P < 0.005). The SPM of the t-statistics … In contrast, the introduction of telmisartan during the following 12 weeks preserved glucose metabolism at areas (5, 19, −20, x, y, z; Z = 3.09; −6, 19, −22, x, y, z; Z = 2.