Nine of 13 patients (69%) showing prothrombin activity EPZ-6438 datasheet of 40% or lower at presentation and nine of 19 patients (47%) showing PT-INR of 1.5 or higher reached fatal outcomes. Furthermore, of 13 patients showing prothrombin activity of 40% or lower and/or PT-INR of

1.5 or higher at presentation who were treated with pulse steroid treatment, four (31%) died from infectious disease.1 Prothrombin activity and PT-INR are prognostic factors for AIH showing acute presentation. Physicians should pay attention to the development of infectious disease when pulse steroid treatment is performed.1 “
“Background:  Endoscopic resection (ER) has become an important therapeutic option for early gastric cancer (EGC). Some investigators

have suggested that this indication should be extended. We aimed to compare the extended indication of ER for intramucosal EGC based on data from a large, single-center study. Methods:  We assessed lymph node metastasis (LNM) status in 1721 intramucosal EGC patients who underwent surgery to evaluate the potential of extension Selleckchem AZD2014 of the ER. We investigated LNM according to Japanese extended criteria; differentiated mucosal cancers irrespective of ulcer less than 30 mm (Criteria I); differentiated mucosal cancers without ulceration irrespective of tumor size (Criteria II), undifferentiated less than 20 mm without ulceration (Criteria III). We also tried to find the groups which have no and minimal risk of lymph node metastasis. Results:  The rate of LNM of mucosal cancer was 2.6% (45/1721). There was minimal lymph nodal metastasis risk for criteria I (0.28%, 2/726, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0–0.66%), and criteria II (0.23%, 2/882, 95% CI, 0–0.54%). For criteria III, there was significant lymph node metastasis risk (1.15%, 3/261, 95% CI, 0–2.44%). There was no lymph node metastasis in differentiated mucosal cancer less than 20 mm irrespective

Silibinin of ulcer (0%, 0/501, 95% CI 0–0.73%). The differentiated mucosal cancer group irrespective of ulcer and tumor size have a minimal risk of metastasis (0.43%, 4/941, 95% CI, 0–0.84%) Conclusion:  Our data support extension of the ER indication for the differentiated mucosal EGC. However, undifferentiated lesions without ulceration and smaller than 20 mm were associated with significant metastasis. “
“Aim:  We surveyed multiple centers to identify types and frequency of complications and mortality rate associated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:  We distributed a questionnaire developed by members of the Chugoku-Shikoku Society for the Local Ablation Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to 20 centers and analyzed types and frequency of complications and mortality rate. Results:  In total, 16 346 nodules were treated in 13 283 patients between January 1999 and November 2010. Five patients (0.