In addition, taking amax,minamax,min, Tmax,minTmax,min, and Rmax,minRmax,min as the maximum and A-1210477 minimum amplitudes, periods and runups of the samples, respectively, the standard deviation of the measurements of these parameters were smaller than 7.4% of |amax,min|amax,min, 8.4% of |Tmax,min|Tmax,min and 4.5% of |Rmax,min|Rmax,min. The standard deviations of the samples s are representative estimates of total

population standard deviation σ(i.e., standard deviation for all waves tested). Therefore, the experiments are repeatable. A relative measure of the wave length should be defined to investigate runup. In the present experiments, variations in water depth (hh) are small ( 0.45m

elevation have been collected, we choose to consider the wave period as a representative selleck products measure of the wave length. The time TbTb it takes for a given wave to travel the length of the beach lblb can be estimated: equation(12) Tb=∫0lbdXgh(1-Xlb)=2lbgh.Considering an average h≈0.58m over the range of experiments, lb=13.7lb=13.7 m, we obtain an approximate Tb≈11s. To second distinguish between long and

very long waves, we used the discriminator T/TbT/Tb as this provides a measure of the influence of beach length on the wave characteristics. For simplicity (and because the proportion of data would not change), we decided to use the critical value of T/Tb=1T/Tb=1 and split the data between long waves (T/Tb<1T/Tb<1) and very long waves (T/Tb>1T/Tb>1). The present experimental cases (T/TbT/Tb vs. a/ha/h) have been placed in Fig. 4. As a first step, the consistency of the new results with previous published studies is assessed. Next, the data is analysed through dimensional analysis taking into account the unique wave characteristics (i.e., in terms of shape, energy, wavelength). Finally, by applying a rigorous regression analysis, empirical runup relationships are derived and their associated uncertainty estimated. For the reader’s convenience, the data (wave parameters as calculated using the aforementioned methods) have been listed in Appendix F. As previous experimental studies of runup largely looked at relatively short solitary waves, the consistency of the present experiments with known runup results can only be assessed using a representative subset of the present data (i.e., elevated waves for which T/Tb<1T/Tb<1).